loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis
ganagrZobs dabrkolebis garSemovliT. damuxruWebuli dislokaciis asa- moZraveblad an dabrkolebisadmi gverdis asavlelad ki damatebiTi ener- giaa saWiro, rac liTonis simtkicis gazrdaze miuTiTebs. rodesac dislokacia monokristalSi moZraobs, saboloo jamSi igi kristalis zedapirze gamodis. polikristalur agregatebSi ki marcvlis zedapirze dislokaciis gamosvlas xels uSlis mezobeli marcvali. ami- tom dislokaciis gadaadgilebisadmi winaaRmdegoba TandaTan gaizrdeba marcvlis sazRvarTan mis miaxloebasTan erTad da bolos damuxruWdeba. rac ufro metia sazRvrebis saerTo sigrZe liTonSi, miT ufro metad izrdeba dislokaciis damuxruWebis albaToba. sazRvrebis didi raodeno- biT Camoyalibebas ki xels uwyobs struqturis dawvrilmarcvlovneba. swored amitom xasiaTdeba wvrilmarcvlovani agebulebis liToni gazr- dili simtkiciT msxvilmarcvlovanTan SedarebiT. Cvens saubrebSi SevexeT liTonis simtkicis maxasiaTeblebis gazr- dis zogierT xerxs, magram mizanSewonilia aqve naTlad ganvmartoT, Tu ra aris liTonis medegoba. am kiTxvas ar SeiZleba erTgvarovani pasuxi gaeces. medegoba an simtkice, erTis mxriv, aris liTonis winaaRmdegobis unari plastikuri deformaciisadmi, myife rRvevisadmi, cveTisadmi, unari daurRvevlad gauZlos datvirTvebs maRal temperaturaze, meores mxriv ki – mdgradoba koroziis mimarT sxvadasxva agresiul garemoSi, gamWoli radiaciis mimarT da a.S. ra Tqma unda, ar arsebobs iseTi liToni, romelsac yvela es Tvi- seba kompleqsSi eqneba gamoxatuli. magaliTad, cveTisadmi winaaRmdego- bis gasazrdelad sakmarisia liTonis zedapiruli sisalis amaRleba. gai- zrdeba Tu ara aseTi damuSavebiT liTonis medegoba? ra Tqma unda ga- izrdeba, Tu mxedvelobaSi gveqneba mxolod misi winaaRmdegoba cveTisad- mi, radgan zedapiruli sisalis gazrdam nakeToba SeiZleba ufro myife gaxados da advilad gadatydes dartymiTi datvirTvebis zemoqmedebiT, rasac liToni damuSavebamde uproblemod gauZlebda. rogorc vxedavT, dasmul kiTxvaze pasuxs mTlianad gansazRvravs is konkretuli pirobebi, romelSic mocemulma detalma unda imuSaos. amitom ama Tu im nakeTobis dasamzadeblad iseT liTons irCeven, romel- sac upiratesad eqneba gamoxatuli eqspluataciis pirobebiT wayenebuli moTxovnebi. aqedan gamomdinare, Cvens Semdgom saubrebSi liTonis simtki- 31
cisa da medegobis Sesaxeb yvela SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gveqneba ara raRac abstraqtuli simtkicis maxasiaTeblebi, aramed sruliad konkretu- li – masalis Tviseba winaaRmdegoba gauwios garemos raRac ama Tu im xasiaTis zemoqmedebas. nebismieri manqanis seriuli warmoebis dawyebamde mizanSewonilia simtkiceze (medegobaze) misi gamocda. am mizniT manqanas da mis calkeul detalebs gamocdebs utareben mTlianobis darRvevamde eqspluataciis re- alur pirobebTan miaxloebuli parametrebiT. arc TviTmfrinavi, arc man- qanebis axali konstruqciebi seriul warmoebaSi ar gaiSveba gamocdebis Catarebis gareSe. magram rogor unda gamoicados winaswar simtkiceze, magaliTad, okeanis laineris korpusi, giganturi wnexi an turbina? dRevandel mZime manqanaTmSeneblobaSi xom iseTi detalebi gamoiyeneba, romelTa sigrZe 30-35 m Seadgens (es TormetsarTuliani saxlis simaRlea!), diametri – ra- modenime metrs, xolo wona – asobiT tonas. saqme imaSia, rom liTonis kuTri simtkicis gansazRvra xorciel- deba mcire zomisa da standartuli formis nimuSebis gamocdiT specia- lur manqanebze, magram ar SeiZleba, magaliTad, aTi kvadratuli milimet- ris ganivkveTis mqone Reros gadatexviT vimsjeloT imaze, Tu ra datvir- Tvis pirobebSi dairRveva vTqvaT, aTasi da, miT umetes, asi aTasi kvadra- tuli milimetris mqone igive liTonis Rero. aseTi zomebis `Reros~ dan- greva ki gamocdis mizniT ubralod SeuZlebelia – warmoidgineT gamomc- deli manqanis konstruqcia da gabaritebi! aqedan gamomdinare, giganturi manqanebi gamocdebs ar eqvemdebarebian. maTi mwyobridan gamosvla ki ga- moiwvevs kolosalur zarals da, SesaZloa, adamianebis msxverplsac. amis Tavidan asacileblad inJinrebi cdiloben aseTi gigantebi saimedod aagon da xSirad maT aniWeben aTjerad, zogjer ki – ocjerad simtkicis marags. simtkicis maragis koeficients xSirad Cveni arcodnis koefici- ents uwodeben. rodesac ucnobia im realuri Zalebis sidide, romlebic imoqmedeben axlad Seqmnil manqanaze, nagebobaze da mis calkeul detal- ze, konstruqtors meti araferi darCenia simtkicis maragis gazrdis gar- da. samwuxaroa, magram Tavdacvis aseT xerxs mivyavarT did danaxarjebam- de, radgan simtkicis maragi sxva araferia, Tu ara manqanis Semadgeneli 32
- Page 1 and 2: m. oqrosaSvili loTonmcodneobis safu
- Page 3 and 4: popularul literaturaze dayrdnobiT g
- Page 5 and 6: 1. liToni yvelgan Cvens saukunes zo
- Page 7 and 8: safuZvels iZleva vivaraudoT, rom li
- Page 9 and 10: vilsa da narTs. spilenZi, rogorc ma
- Page 11 and 12: jaos warmoebis aTviseba iTvleba. ma
- Page 13 and 14: libebis, mosinikebisa da tibarenebi
- Page 15 and 16: liveris (samxreT amerikis gmiri) da
- Page 17 and 18: nobebic, romlebsac ufro rTuli agebu
- Page 19 and 20: lebi. avtomobiliT dRes veravis gaak
- Page 21 and 22: li yofila misi meqanikuri Tvisebebi
- Page 23 and 24: Si moculobis 74% atomebiT aris Sevs
- Page 25 and 26: gankuTvnili adgilebis dakavebas da
- Page 27 and 28: tali sakuTari Canasaxidan, anu cent
- Page 29 and 30: moCnda realur simtkicesTan Sedarebi
- Page 31: kristalebis zrdis pirobebisa da maT
- Page 35 and 36: nobebs. TiToeuli jgufis folads gans
- Page 37 and 38: sazRvra 1650 0 C-iT, 1935 wels - 14
- Page 39 and 40: vizorebi da mravali sxva mowyobilob
- Page 41 and 42: vina, radgan SeeSinda, axal liTons
- Page 43 and 44: ulati aris saxelganTqmuli foladi, r
- Page 45 and 46: iTvaliswinebs namzadis miRebas tige
- Page 47 and 48: medicinis istoriaSi cnobilia erTi s
- Page 49 and 50: wliurad msoflioSi awarmoeben milion
- Page 51 and 52: yoyoCda. ruxi Tujis winaSe ise daiw
- Page 53 and 54: nand TavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT jer ki
- Page 55 and 56: dili javSnis simtkicesa da Wurvis j
- Page 57 and 58: Tavdapirvelad Zvirfas gamocdilebas
- Page 59 and 60: ebas, magram siblantisa da plastiku
- Page 61 and 62: ebiT axali mxurvalmtkice masalebis
- Page 63 and 64: mkvlevars, Aalfred vilms gaumarTla.
- Page 65 and 66: wyalbadi friad perspeqtiul saavtomo
- Page 67 and 68: sxva tipis TviTmfrinavebis warmoeba
- Page 69 and 70: Jangbadis narevi aluminTan iZleva 7
- Page 71 and 72: 17. Zneldnobadi liTonebi da Senadno
- Page 73 and 74: marcvlis sazRvrebSi da auareseben f
- Page 75 and 76: taqtebi srulad gamodis mwyobridan r
- Page 77 and 78: liTad, atomuri Jangbadis molekulad
- Page 79 and 80: mis mcire danamatebi mniSvnelovnad
- Page 81 and 82: cxliswyals. am raodenobis TiTqmis n
cisa da medegobis Sesaxeb yvela SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gveqneba ara<br />
raRac abstraqtuli simtkicis maxasiaTeblebi, aramed sruliad konkretu-<br />
li – masalis Tviseba winaaRmdegoba gauwios garemos raRac ama Tu im<br />
xasiaTis zemoqmedebas.<br />
nebismieri manqanis seriuli warmoebis dawyebamde mizanSewonilia<br />
simtkiceze (medegobaze) misi gamocda. am mizniT manqanas da mis calkeul<br />
detalebs gamocdebs utareben mTlianobis darRvevamde eqspluataciis re-<br />
alur pirobebTan miaxloebuli parametrebiT. arc TviTmfrinavi, arc man-<br />
qanebis axali konstruqciebi seriul warmoebaSi ar gaiSveba gamocdebis<br />
Catarebis gareSe.<br />
magram rogor unda gamoicados winaswar simtkiceze, magaliTad,<br />
okeanis laineris korpusi, giganturi wnexi an turbina? dRevandel mZime<br />
manqanaTmSeneblobaSi xom iseTi detalebi gamoiyeneba, romelTa sigrZe<br />
30-35 m Seadgens (es TormetsarTuliani saxlis simaRlea!), diametri – ra-<br />
modenime metrs, xolo wona – asobiT tonas.<br />
saqme imaSia, rom liTonis kuTri simtkicis gansazRvra xorciel-<br />
deba mcire zomisa da standartuli formis nimuSebis gamocdiT specia-<br />
lur manqanebze, magram ar SeiZleba, magaliTad, aTi kvadratuli milimet-<br />
ris ganivkveTis mqone Reros gadatexviT vimsjeloT imaze, Tu ra datvir-<br />
Tvis pirobebSi dairRveva vTqvaT, aTasi da, miT umetes, asi aTasi kvadra-<br />
tuli milimetris mqone igive liTonis Rero. aseTi zomebis `Reros~ dan-<br />
greva ki gamocdis mizniT ubralod SeuZlebelia – warmoidgineT gamomc-<br />
deli manqanis konstruqcia da gabaritebi! aqedan gamomdinare, giganturi<br />
manqanebi gamocdebs ar eqvemdebarebian. maTi mwyobridan gamosvla ki ga-<br />
moiwvevs kolosalur zarals da, SesaZloa, adamianebis msxverplsac. amis<br />
Tavidan asacileblad inJinrebi cdiloben aseTi gigantebi saimedod<br />
aagon da xSirad maT aniWeben aTjerad, zogjer ki – ocjerad simtkicis<br />
marags.<br />
simtkicis maragis koeficients xSirad Cveni arcodnis koefici-<br />
ents uwodeben. rodesac ucnobia im realuri Zalebis sidide, romlebic<br />
imoqmedeben axlad Seqmnil manqanaze, nagebobaze da mis calkeul detal-<br />
ze, konstruqtors meti araferi darCenia simtkicis maragis gazrdis gar-<br />
da. samwuxaroa, magram Tavdacvis aseT xerxs mivyavarT did danaxarjebam-<br />
de, radgan simtkicis maragi sxva araferia, Tu ara manqanis Semadgeneli<br />
32
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