loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis

moCnda realur simtkicesTan SedarebiT ara ramodenimejer, rogorc amas
varaudobdnen, aramed asjer da ufro metad didi.
Tavdapirvelad fiqrobdnen, rom gamoTvlebSi an Secdoma iyo daS-
vebuli, an mniSvnelovnad iyo gazrdili atomTa Soris urTierTqmedebis
Zalebi. Semowmebam ki cxadyo, rom gamoTvlebi sworad iyo Catarebuli.
ar gamoiRo Sedegi agreTve mcdelobam, idealur da realur simtkiceebs
Soris gansxvaveba aexsnaT ukve CvenTvis cnobil Sigakristalur defeq-
tebze dayrdnobiT. marTalia, isini arRveven atomTa Soris kavSiris Za-
lebs, magram aseTi xarisxiT kristalis dasusteba maT SeeZloT mxolod
im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac defeqtebi liTonis TiTqmis mTel moculobas
daikavebdnen, anu Tu igi RrubelTan SedarebiT ufro foriani aRmoCn-
deboda – idealur mniSvnelobasTan SedarebiT kristalis simtkicis as-
jer Sesamcireblad defeqtebis raodenoba 99%-s unda Seadgendes. maS ra-
Sia saqme?
pasuxi am kiTxvaze ucbaT ver moiZebna. daZabuli Sromis Semdeg
sxvadasxva qveynis fizikosebis ZalisxmeviT dadginda, rom liTonis simt-
kicis maxasiaTeblebze arsebiT gavlenas axdens realuri kristalisaTvis
damaxasiaTebeli kidev erTi mniSvnelovani defeqti – dislokacia.
warmoidgineT, rom kristalur gi-
sosSi raRac mizeziT gaCnda zedmeti ato-
muri sibrtye (nax. 3), romelsac eqstra-
sibrtyes uwodeben. bunebrivia, igi Caso-
lili aRmoCndeba kristalur gisosSi, ris
Sedegadac damaxinjdeba gisosis swori
geometriuli agebuleba da defeqtis moq-
medebis zonaSi aRiZvreba daZabulobis ve-
li. eqstrasibrtyis 1-1 wibo qmnis xazovan
defeqts, romelsac kidura dislokacia
ewodeba.
dislokacia aRmocenebas ukve kristalis zrdis procesSi iwyebs,
deformaciis pirobebSi ki maTi ricxvi ramodenime xarisxiT matulobs.
liTonze gare Zalis zemoqmedebiT dislokacia advilad amoZravdeba da
iwyebs gadaadgilebas. Zalis mudmivi zemoqmedebis pirobebSi moZraoba
atomebis erTi jgufidan meores gadaecema da saboloo jamSi disloka-
28