loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis

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zo xidi, romlis malis sigrZe 12 m Seadgenda. xidi gaskda mas Semdeg, rodesac masze orTqlmavalma gaiara. ramodenime wlis win ki Caingra xidi umniSvnelovanes satransporto magistralze avstriis dedaqalaq venaSi. amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi registrirebulia mTlianSeduRebu- li gemebis daSlis faqtebi. meore msoflio omis periodSi agebuli xuTi aTasi savaWro gemidan 1946 wlis aprilisaTvis aTasze mets bzarebi aRmo- aCnda. aTi tankeri da `libertis~ tipis sami satvirTo gemi Suaze gaipo. sxva ocdaxuT gems mTlianad daeSala gembani an Ziri. zogierTi gemi ise daiSala, rom verc moeswro misi eqspluataciaSi gaSveba. 1943 wlis ian- varSi, mSvid wyalSi, gemTmSenebeli qarxnis kedelTan gadatyda svlaze gamosacdelad gamzadebuli tankeri `skenektedi~, romlis wyalwyva Sead- genda 7230 t. imave wlis martSi, mxolod ori bali simZlavris qaris pi- robebSi, gadatyda tankeri `esso manxetteni~ wyalwyviT 10344 t. 1964 wlis agvistoSi daingra msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze maRali nageboba – ante- nis 400 metriani anZa grenlandiis samxreT-dasavleT sanapiroze. ganxilul SemTxvevebSi arafer SuaSia mSeneblobis wuni. maS ra- Sia saqme, ratom ver SesZles inJinrebma, romlebic SeiaraRebulni iyvnen mecnierebis yvela miRweviT, zustad gamoeTvalaT nagebobaTa simtkice? rogorc Cans, es arc ise iolia, radgan konstruqciis saeqspluatacio pi- robebze uamravi gauTvaliswinebeli faqtori moqmedebs. teqnikis istoriidan cnobilia, rom peterburgis obuxovis qarxa- naSi erTi da igive foladisagan Camosxmuli zarbaznebidan zogierTi brZolisunarianobas inarCunebda, zogi ki mwyobridan pirveli gasrolis- Tanave gamodioda. ra iyo amis mizezi? es kiTxva didxans rCeboda pasux- gaucemeli. araeTma avariam da katastrofam transportze, SaxtebSi, sro- lis dros zarbaznebis daskdomam cxadi gaxada liTonis Tvisebebis mec- nieruli Seswavlis aqtualoba. inJinrebi guldasmiT ikvlevdnen zarbaznis lulebis dazianebul adgilebs. saboloo Sedagmac ar daayovna. dadginda, rom liTonis Tvise- bebze arsebiT gavlenas axdens misi Semadgeneli marcvlebis, anu kristalebis zoma. zarbaznis is lulebi, romlebic wvrilmarcvlovani agebu- lebiT xasiaTdeboda, didxans inarCunebda mTlianobas, xolo msxvilmar- cvlovani, uxeSi agebulebis lulebi mwyobridan adre gamodioda. amgvarad, rac ufro wvrilmarcvlovani agebulebisaa liToni, miT ufro maRa- 19
li yofila misi meqanikuri Tvisebebis kompleqsi, anu liTonebisa da Se- nadnobebis simtkicis saidumloeba ZiriTadad liTonis kristaluri agebulebis TaviseburebiT yofila ganpirobebuli. liTonis kristaluri agebuleba sakmaod detalurad aris Seswav- lili XX saukuneSi rentgenis sxivebis gamoyenebiT, eleqtronuli mikros- kopiiT, ultrabgeriT da kvlevis sxva Tanamedrove meTodebiT. rentgeno- struqturuli analizis wyalobiT gansazRvrulia liTonis Sigakrista- luri agebulebis Tavisebureba – atomebis urTierTganlagebis xasiaTi, simetriuloba da Seqmnilia uamravi nivTierebis kristalebis TvalsaCino modelebi. aqve bunebrivad ibadeba kiTxva: mainc ra aris kristali? rogoria misi mdgomareobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli niSan-Tvisebebi? am kiTxvebze pa- suxis gasacemad guldasmiT unda davakvirdeT Cvens garemomcvel samya- ros. kristalebi aSenebulia udidesi arqiteqtoris – bunebis mier. vin ar damtkbara kristalis waxnagebis saucxoo elvarebiT, ferTa momajado- ebeli TamaSiT. Zvirfasi feradi qvis Tu ubralo fifqis kristalebi ada- mianSi yovelTvis badeben gansacvifrebel harmonias maTi mkveTri da mox- denili moxazulobiT. kristalebs Cven aRmovaCenT qaTqaTa marilsa Tu Savi naxSiris natexSi. yinuli da qviSac uamravi wvrili kristalebisgan Sedgeba. sazRvrebi ufro gafarTovdeba, Tu dakvirvebis procesSi mikros- kopiT SeviaraRdebiT – nebismieri liTonis texi Tqven moelvare kristalebis waxnagebiT dagiwyebT mzeras. aRmoCndeba, rom mTis qanebis ZiriTa- di masa, romelic dedamiwis qerqs warmoqmnis, kristalebisgan aris Sedge- nili. rbili, plastikuri Tixac ki uwvrilesi, qerclisebri kristalebis erTobliobas warmoadgens. is uCinaria TvalisaTvis, ar mJRavndeba mik- roskopSic, magram advilad SeiZleba misi aRmoCena rentgenis sxivebis daxmarebiT. liToni, qva, Tixa, qviSa – yoveli maTgani xom samSeneblo masalebis safuZvelia. gamodis, rom qalaqebi kristalebisgan yofila agebuli! kristaluri agebulebiT xasiaTdeba agreTve Tanamedrove teqnika- Si gamoyenebuli mravali sinTetikuri masala, naxevrad gamtari, feromag- nituri masalebi, zemtkice da mxurvalmedegi Senadnobebi. amgvarad, CvenT- vis naTeli xdeba, rom kristaluri agebuleba bunebaSi yvelaze gavrce- 20
Page 1 and 2: m. oqrosaSvili loTonmcodneobis safu
Page 3 and 4: popularul literaturaze dayrdnobiT g
Page 5 and 6: 1. liToni yvelgan Cvens saukunes zo
Page 7 and 8: safuZvels iZleva vivaraudoT, rom li
Page 9 and 10: vilsa da narTs. spilenZi, rogorc ma
Page 11 and 12: jaos warmoebis aTviseba iTvleba. ma
Page 13 and 14: libebis, mosinikebisa da tibarenebi
Page 15 and 16: liveris (samxreT amerikis gmiri) da
Page 17 and 18: nobebic, romlebsac ufro rTuli agebu
Page 19: lebi. avtomobiliT dRes veravis gaak
Page 23 and 24: Si moculobis 74% atomebiT aris Sevs
Page 25 and 26: gankuTvnili adgilebis dakavebas da
Page 27 and 28: tali sakuTari Canasaxidan, anu cent
Page 29 and 30: moCnda realur simtkicesTan Sedarebi
Page 31 and 32: kristalebis zrdis pirobebisa da maT
Page 33 and 34: cisa da medegobis Sesaxeb yvela Sem
Page 35 and 36: nobebs. TiToeuli jgufis folads gans
Page 37 and 38: sazRvra 1650 0 C-iT, 1935 wels - 14
Page 39 and 40: vizorebi da mravali sxva mowyobilob
Page 41 and 42: vina, radgan SeeSinda, axal liTons
Page 43 and 44: ulati aris saxelganTqmuli foladi, r
Page 45 and 46: iTvaliswinebs namzadis miRebas tige
Page 47 and 48: medicinis istoriaSi cnobilia erTi s
Page 49 and 50: wliurad msoflioSi awarmoeben milion
Page 51 and 52: yoyoCda. ruxi Tujis winaSe ise daiw
Page 53 and 54: nand TavaZis xelmZRvanelobiT jer ki
Page 55 and 56: dili javSnis simtkicesa da Wurvis j
Page 57 and 58: Tavdapirvelad Zvirfas gamocdilebas
Page 59 and 60: ebas, magram siblantisa da plastiku
Page 61 and 62: ebiT axali mxurvalmtkice masalebis
Page 63 and 64: mkvlevars, Aalfred vilms gaumarTla.
Page 65 and 66: wyalbadi friad perspeqtiul saavtomo
Page 67 and 68: sxva tipis TviTmfrinavebis warmoeba
Page 69 and 70: Jangbadis narevi aluminTan iZleva 7
Page 71 and 72:
17. Zneldnobadi liTonebi da Senadno
Page 73 and 74:
marcvlis sazRvrebSi da auareseben f
Page 75 and 76:
taqtebi srulad gamodis mwyobridan r
Page 77 and 78:
liTad, atomuri Jangbadis molekulad
Page 79 and 80:
mis mcire danamatebi mniSvnelovnad
Page 81 and 82:
cxliswyals. am raodenobis TiTqmis n
Page 83 and 84:
adgilas. es mxolod dasawyisia. mikr
Page 85 and 86:
evrad ufro metia Toriumis, titanis,
Page 87 and 88:
is momentSi antena kompaqturad aris
Page 89 and 90:
Rali energiis kavSiris Zalebi. nivT
Page 91 and 92:
s a r C e v i Sesavali . . . . . .
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loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis

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