loTonmcodneobis safuZvlebi damwyebTaTvis

feradi liTonebi, umetes SemTxvevaSi, damaxasiaTebeli Seferilo-
biT gamoirCevian (mowiTalo, yviTeli, TeTri) da xasiaTdebian maRali
plastikurobiT, SedarebiT dabali dnobis temperaturiTa da sisaliT. am
jgufis tipuri liTonia spilenZi.
teqnikaSi farTod gamoyenebul Sav liTonebs, Tavis mxriv, yofen:
_ rkinisebr liTonebad, sadac rkinasTan erTad gaerTianebulia
kobalti, nikeli da TvisebebiT maTTan axlos mdgomi manganumi;
_ Zneldnobad liTonebad, romelTa dnobis temperatura aRemateba
rkinis dnobis temperaturas (1539 0 C). maT ricxvs miekuTvneba volframi,
reniumi, tantali, molibdeni, niobiumi, hafniumi, vanadiumi, qromi da cir-
koniumi.
ferad liTonebSi simkvrivis mixedviT ansxvaveben:
_ msubuq liTonebs (magniumi, γ=1,7 g/sm 3 ; beriliumi, γ=1,8 g/sm 3 ; alu-
mini, γ=2,7 g/sm 3 );
_ keTilSobil liTonebs, rogoricaa oqro, vercxli da platinis
jgufis elementebi. maT ricxvs miakuTvneben agreTve `naxevradkeTilSo-
bil~ liTons – spilenZs. keTilSobili liTonebi xasiaTdebian korozi-
isadmi maRali mdgradobiT;
_ advildnobad liTonebs – TuTias, kalas, tyvias, dariSxans, bis-
muts, Taliums, vercxliswyals da Semcirebuli liTonuri Tvisebebis
mqone elementebs _ galiumsa da germaniums.
4. kristaluri da amorfuli mdgomareobebi
simtkice aris liTonis mTavari Rirseba, ramac sabolood daamk-
vidra igi sazogadoebis yofa-cxovrebaSi. brinjaos xanam imitom Secvala
qvis xana, rom brinjao qvaze ufro mtkice aRmoCmda. rkinis xanidan moyo-
lebuli adamianma TandaTan iswavla liTonis simtkicis amaRlebis gzebi
da ukve dRes erTi tona liTonisagan SeiZleba damzaddes bevrad ufro
meti nakeToba, vidre es SesaZlebeli iyo Tundac 50 wlis win, radgan am
periodis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad amaRlda misi simtkicis maxasiaTeb-
______________
∗∗∗ sisale aris liTonis unari, winaaRmdegoba gauwios plastikur an drekad
deformacias masSi gareSe, ufro sali sxeulis SeWris SemTxvevaSi.
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