samuSao rveuli qimia
samuSao rveuli qimia
samuSao rveuli qimia
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<strong>samuSao</strong><br />
<strong>rveuli</strong><br />
<strong>qimia</strong><br />
IX
manana vardiaSvili<br />
<strong>samuSao</strong> <strong>rveuli</strong><br />
<strong>qimia</strong><br />
IX klasi<br />
grifi mieniWa 2012 wels ssip ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis<br />
erovnuli centris (brZaneba # 375, 18. 05. 2012) mier<br />
gamomcemloba inteleqti<br />
Tbilisi 2012
manana vardiaSvili<br />
<strong>qimia</strong> IX<br />
<strong>samuSao</strong> <strong>rveuli</strong><br />
gamomcemloba inteleqti<br />
Tbilisi 2012<br />
Manana Vardiashvili<br />
cheMistry iX<br />
WorkINg WrItINg-Book<br />
INtELEktI PUBLISHErS<br />
tbilisi 2012<br />
gamomcemloba inteleqti<br />
Tbilisi, ilia WavWavaZis gamziri #5<br />
225-05-22, 5(99) 55-66-54<br />
faqsi: 225-05-22<br />
elfosta: inteleqti@caucasus.net vebgverdi: www.intelekti.ge<br />
ISBN 978-9941-439-29-2<br />
© manana vardiaSvili, 2012<br />
© gamomcemloba `inteleqti~, 2012
1.1-1.2 nivTierebis raodenoba, moli.<br />
� 1. iangariSeT, ramdeni molia 18.10 23 atomi naxSirbadi?<br />
� 2. iangariSeT, ramdeni molekulaa 2 mol niv TierebaSi?<br />
� 3. iangariSeT:<br />
a) ori moli martivi nivTiereba wyalbadis masa<br />
a) ori moli martivi nivTiereba Jangbadis masa<br />
� 4. iangariSeT, ramdeni molia 4,8 g wyali<br />
moluri masa<br />
� 5. CasviT gamotovebuli sityvebi, es sityvebi da maTi Tanmimdevroba<br />
monaxeT savaraudo pasuxebis CamonaTvalSi.<br />
nivTierebis raodenobis erTeuli aris . . . . . . . . . . . ., igi aRricxavs niv<br />
Tierebis Semadgeneli . . . . . . . . . . . . ricxvs.<br />
erT mol nivTierebaSi . . . . . . . . . . . . struqturuli nawilakia, ramdeni<br />
atomicaa 12 g naxSirbadSi.<br />
a) moli/ nawilakebis/ molekula/<br />
b) grami/ nawilakebis/ molekula/<br />
g) grami/ nawilakebis/ imdenive/<br />
d) moli/ nawilakebis/ imdenive/<br />
� 6. ramdeni atomia 5 mol ozonSi O 3 ?<br />
� 7. daadgineT mole kula Ta ric xvi 5 mol naxSi ro rJangSi.<br />
3
4<br />
SeasruleT paragrafis bolos mocemuli davalebebi
$1.3 airad nivTierebebs Soris<br />
mimdinare reaqciebi<br />
� 1. marTebulia Tu ara gamonaTqvami:<br />
erTi litri qlori urTierTqmedebs erT litr wyalbadTan da miiReba<br />
ori litri qlorwyalbadi.<br />
daasabuTeT Tqveni varaudi, CamoayalibeT werilobiT.<br />
� 2. qlorsa da wyalbads Soris mimdinare reaqcia gamoi saxeba to lobiT,<br />
reaqciis Sedegad miRebuli qlorwyalbadic aira dia:<br />
H 2 +Cl 2 → 2HCl.<br />
wyalbadisa da qloris ramdeni molekulaa saWiro:<br />
a) qlorwyalbadis oTxi mole ku lis warmosaqm nelad?<br />
b) qlorwyalbadis 200 moleku lis warmosaqm nelad?<br />
g) qlorwyalbadis 6.10 23 moleku lis warmosaqmne lad? pasuxi CamoayalibeT<br />
werilobiT.<br />
a) __________________________________________________________________<br />
b) __________________________________________________________________<br />
g) __________________________________________________________________<br />
� 3. airad Cosa da Jangbads<br />
Soris reaqcias Semdegi toloba<br />
asaxavs: 2Co+o 2 →2Co 2 .<br />
davuSvaT daxSul WurWelSi<br />
moaTavses oci molekula Co, 15<br />
molekula o 2 da Caatares reaqcia.<br />
romeli nivTierebis ramdeni<br />
molekula iqneba sareaqcio areSi<br />
reaqciis damTavrebis Semdeg? pasuxi<br />
CamoayalibeT werilobiT.<br />
5
6<br />
SeasruleT paragrafis bolos mocemuli davalebebi
$1.4 airis moluri moculoba<br />
� 1. daikavebs Tu ara tol moculobas erTnair fizikur pirobebSi<br />
sxvadasxva airis:<br />
a) aTi molekula; b) milioni molekula; g) 6 . 10 23 molekula?<br />
SesaZlebelia Tu ara davaskvnaT, rom erTi moli sxvadasxva airis<br />
moculoba tolia? daasabuTeT Tqveni varaudi, CamoayalibeT werilobiT.<br />
� 2. iangariSeT erTi moli Semdegi airebis moculoba:<br />
a) N b) He g) O d) H .<br />
2<br />
2 2<br />
Tu cnobilia, rom:<br />
ρ(N )=1,25 g/l 2 ρ(He)=0,1784 g/l<br />
ρ(O )=1,429 g/l 2 ρ(H )=0,08988 g/l.<br />
2<br />
emTxveva Tqven mier miRebuli pasuxebi erT maneTs?<br />
gveTanxmebiT Tu ara, rom TiTo moli wyalbadis, Jangbadis, azotis da<br />
heliumis mier dakavebuli moculobebi erTmaneTis tolia?<br />
� 3. erTnair fizikur pi robebSi<br />
wyalbadis, amiakis da Jangbadis<br />
moculobebi ise See fardeba erTmaneTs,<br />
ro gorc 1:2:3.<br />
daadgineT maTi moleku lebis ricxvis<br />
Sefardeba.<br />
� 4. erT WurWelSi Seag roves<br />
22,4l wyalbadi, me oreSi _ 448<br />
ml. iangariSeT orive WurWelSi<br />
Segrovebuli wyalbadis masa da<br />
moculoba.<br />
7
8<br />
SeasruleT paragrafis bolos mocemuli davalebebi
$1.5 romeli airia ufro mZime<br />
� 1. gamosaxeT airadi nivTierebis simkvrive moluri masisa da moluri<br />
moculobis saSualebiT. gamosaxeT, risi tolia am formulis mixedviT<br />
moluri masa M. miRebul formulaSi moluri moculobis nacvlad SeitaneT<br />
misi ricxviTi mniSvneloba 22,4 l/moli.<br />
� 2. Jangbadis simkvrivea 1,43g/l (n.p). iangariSeT misi mo luri masa.<br />
� 3. iangariSeT:<br />
a) Jangbadis<br />
b) naxSirorJangis<br />
g) azotis<br />
d) amiakis fardobiTi simkvrive haeris mimarT.<br />
a) g)<br />
b) d)<br />
� 4. daadgineTთ airadi niv Tierebis moluri masa, Tu misi simkvrive<br />
wyalbadis mimarT aris 32.<br />
� 5. daadgine 40% naxSi rorJangis, 30% naxSirbadis monooqsidisa (Co)<br />
da 30% azotis Semcvel airTa narevis simkvrive wyalbadis mimarT.<br />
am tipis amocanebis amoxsnisas unda gaxsovdeT, rom airTa narevis<br />
saSualo moluri masa iangariSeba formuliT<br />
9
10<br />
SeasruleT paragrafis bolos mocemuli davalebebi
$1.6 ra raodenobrivi TanafardobiT<br />
urTierTqmedebs nivTierebebi<br />
� 1. risi Tqma SeiZleba wyalbadisa da Jangbadis raodenobrivi Tanafardobis<br />
Sesaxeb reaqciis tolobis mixedviT? pasuxi CamoayalibeT werilobiT.<br />
2H 2 +O 2 → 2H 2 O<br />
� 2. iangariSeT, ramdeni grami wyalbadi Seva reaqciaSi:<br />
a) 16 g JangbadTan<br />
b) 0,5 moli JangbadTan<br />
reaqciis tolobidan gamomdinare<br />
reodenobebTan SedarebiT ramdenjer<br />
Semcirda reaqciaSi Sesuli wyalbadis<br />
masa, reaqciis Sedegad warmoqmnili<br />
wylis masa?<br />
g) 64 g JangbadTan<br />
d) 2 mol JangbadTan.<br />
reaqciis tolobidan gamomdinare<br />
reodenobebTan SedarebiT ramdenjer<br />
gaizarda reaq ciaSi Sesuli<br />
wyalbadis masa, reaqciis Sedegad<br />
warmoqmnili wylis masa?<br />
ra daskvna gamoitaneT reaq ciaSi monawile nivTierebaTa rao denobrivi<br />
Tanafardobis Sesaxeb?<br />
� 3. aiReT 5,6g rkina, SeurieT 3,2g gogirdi. moaTavseT winaswar awonil<br />
sinjaraSi da gaaxureT. rogorc ki reaqcia daiwyeba gaxureba SewyviteT. reaqciis<br />
damTavrebisa da sinjaris gacivebis Semdeg kvlav awoneT is SigTavsianad.<br />
masaTa sxvaobiT daadgineT warmoqmnili nivTierebis masa. SeadgineT reaqciis<br />
toloba. gaangariSebiT daadgineT, ra moluri TanafardobiT Sevida reaqciaSi<br />
erTmaneTTan rkina da gogirdi. ra masis rkinis sulfidi unda miiRoT masis<br />
mudmivobis kanonis Sesabamisi gaangariSebiT? ras udris sinamdvileSi reaqciis<br />
Sedegad miRebuli rkinis sulfidis masa, romelic sasworiT gansazRvreT? axseniT,<br />
ratom ar emTxveva zustad Teoriuli gaangariSeba praqtikul Sedegs?<br />
11
12<br />
� 4. ras fiqrobT, iqneba Tu<br />
ara ufro martivi gaangariSebebi<br />
im SemTxvevaSi, Tu reaqciaSi<br />
monawileoben mxolod airadi<br />
nivTie rebebi? ratom fiqrobT<br />
ase?<br />
amoxseniT amocana da varaudi<br />
daasa buTeT gaangariSebiT.<br />
amocana:<br />
ras udris 2 l qlorTan<br />
reaqciaSi Sesuli wyalbadis<br />
da warmoqmnili qlorwyalbadis<br />
raodenoba da moculoba?<br />
SeasruleT paragrafis bolos mocemuli davalebebi
$1.7 rogor amovxsnaT gasaangariSebeli<br />
SeasruleT paragrafis bolos mocemuli davalebebi<br />
amocana <strong>qimia</strong>Si<br />
13
14<br />
SeamowmeT Tqveni codna<br />
� 1. SeavseT sqema. imsjeleT sqemaze mocemuli TiToeuli cnebis da maT Soris<br />
arsebuli urTierTkavSiris Sesaxeb.<br />
avogadros<br />
mudmiva<br />
. . . .<br />
nivTierebis<br />
raodenoba<br />
ν<br />
moli<br />
moluri<br />
moculoba<br />
es strategia dagexmarebaT nivTierebis raodenobrivi maxasiaTeblebis ukeT<br />
gaazrebasa da TvalsaCino xerxiT mocemuli informaciis sityvierad gadmocemis<br />
unaris ganviTarebaSi.<br />
� 2. mocemulia reaqciis toloba:<br />
H 2 S+o 2 → S + H 2 o<br />
gaaTanabreT reaqciis toloba, plastilinis burTulebis gamoyenebiT daamzadeT<br />
reagentebisa da reaqciis produqtebis modelebi da maTi saSualebiT axseniT<br />
masis mudmivoba qimiuri reaqciis dros.<br />
� 3. ra raodenobis wyalbadi da Jangbadi miiReba 0,4 moli wyalbadis<br />
peroqsidis (H 2 O 2 ) daSlisas? reaq cia mimdinareobs Semdegi tolo bis<br />
mixedviT:<br />
2H 2 O 2 → 2H 2 O + O 2 .
� 4. marilmJavaSi 2,6 g TuTiisa da rkinis fxvnilebis narevis gaxsnisas<br />
gamoiyo 1,008 l wyalbadi (n.p). gansazRvreT aRebuli narevis Sedgeniloba.<br />
� 5. gTavazobT specifikur kriteriumebs, romlis gamoyenebiT SeZlebT Tqveni<br />
swavlis procesis ukeT gaazrebasa da Sefasebas.<br />
1. am davalebiT/davalebebiT me viswavle ucnobi nivTierebis gamokvleva<br />
da misi formulis dadgena.<br />
2. am davalebiT/davalebebiT viswavle nivTierebis raodenobis<br />
gaangariSeba.<br />
3. am davalebiT/davalebebiT viswavle avagadros kanonis safuZvelze<br />
airis moculobis gaangariSeba.<br />
4. am davalebiT/davalebebiT viswavle raodenobrivi gaangariSebebi<br />
qimiuri reaqciis tolobis mixedviT.<br />
#<br />
romel gverdzea<br />
Tqvens <strong>samuSao</strong><br />
rveulSi es davaleba<br />
es aris davaleba<br />
romliTac me . . .<br />
ratom migaCniaT ase?<br />
daasabuTeT<br />
1 2 3 4<br />
15
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