IXklasis

1.1 nivTierebis raodenoba, moli
mzesumziras marcval-marcval miirTmevT, magram Tu giyidiaT odesme
mzesumzira saTiTaod _ marcvlebad?
an asanTi Tu SegiZeniaT Rerebad, ko lofis gareSe? ratom?
rac Seexeba atoms, magaliTad, wyalbadis
atoms, imdenad mcirea, rom mzesumziris
marcvlis zomisa daaxloebiT 200 milioni
atomis grova iqneboda. asanTis Rerze ki
SeiZleba erTmaneTis miyolebiT daaxloebiT
400 milioni atomi moTavsdes.
qimiuri reaqcia ki swored nivTi erebis
Semad geneli nawilakebis _ atomebisa da
molekulebis urTierTqmedebaa.
magaliTad, reaqciaSi C + O2 = CO2 yoveli erTi atomi naxSirbadi urTierTqme
debs erT molekula JangbadTan.
am reaq ciaSi ki, 2H2 + O2 = 2H2O ori mo le kula wyalbadi urTier Tqme
debs erT molekula JangbadTan.
SesaZlebelia qimiuri reaqciisaTvis saWiro raodenobis atomebisa da
molekulebis daTvla? awona?
dagveTanxmebiT, rom Zalian mcire zomis nawilakebs Zalian mcire
masa aqvs. amitom, calkeuli nawilakebis daT vla an awona praqtikulad
SeuZlebe lia. magram, SesaZlebelia nawilakTa awonadi raodenobis SerCeva.
aseT raodenobad qimi kosebma 12 g nax SirbadSi arsebuli atomTa ricxvi
SearCies da mas moli uwodes.
ramdeni atomia erT mol, anu 12 g naxSirbadSi?
gaangariSebiT dadgenilia, rom 1 mol na x Sir badSi 600 000 000 000 000 000 000 000
atomia. mas avogadros mudmiva ewodeba da aRi niSneba N -Ti. A
N A = 6 . 10 23 moli -1
Tu nulebis rao denobas dav T v liT da xarisxis
maCveneblad davwerT, miviRebT 6 . 10 23 1/moli
rodesac nivTierebis raodenoba 6 . 10 23 na wilakiT ganisazRvreba, amboben,
rom gvaqvs erTi moli nivTiereba.
sidides, romelic nivTierebis Se ma dgeneli nawilakebis (atomebis, molekulebis/ionebis)
raodenobas aRricxavs (zomavs) molis saSualebiT, nivTierebis
raodenoba ewodeba.
moli nivTierebis iseTi raodenobaa, romelic Seicavs avogadros ricxvis
tol struqturul nawilakTa erTobliobas.
moli nivTierebis raodenobis erTeulia, is aRiniSneba berZnuli asoTi ν
(niu).
iangariSeT, ramdeni molia 18.1023 atomi naxSirbadi?
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