IXklasis
IXklasis IXklasis
I Tavi sarCevi 1.1 nivTierebis raodenoba, moli ................................................................... 7 1.2 moluri masa ................................................................................................ 10 1.3 airad nivTierebebs Soris mimdinare reaqciebi ...................................... 12 1.4 airis moluri moculoba ........................................................................... 14 1.5 romeli airia ufro mZime .......................................................................... 16 1.6 ra raodenobrivi TanafardobiT urTierTqmedebs nivTierebebi .......... 19 1.7 rogor amovxsnaT gasaangariSebeli amocana qimiaSi ............................... 23 SeamowmeT Tqveni codna ....................................................................................... 29 II Tavi 2.1 sad mdebareobs metalebi periodul sistemaSi ....................................... 33 2.2 metalebis fizikuri Tvisebebi ................................................................ 36 2.3 sufTa metali Tu Senadnobi ..................................................................... 40 2.4 romeli metalia ufro aqtiuri ................................................................ 45 2.5 Cven vadgenT metalis mJavasTan urTierTqmedebis Sedegad gamoyofili wyalbadis moculobas ......................................................... 49 2.6 rogor urTierTqmedebs metalebi wyalTan ............................................. 51 2.7 metalebis korozia ..................................................................................... 55 2.8 ganicdis Tu ara korozias yvela metali ................................................ 58 2.9 arametalebis Sesaxeb .................................................................................. 62 SeamowmeT Tqveni codna ..................................................................................... 65 III Tavi 3.1 oqsidis formula da perioduli sistema _ rogor miiReba oqsidi ..... 69 3.2 oqsidebis Tvisebebi ................................................................................... 72 3.3 ra Tvisebebi aqvs mJavebs ........................................................................... 75 3.4 ra Tvisebebi aqvs fuZeebs .......................................................................... 77 3.5 rogor miiReba mJava da fuZe .................................................................... 80 3.6 rogor miiReba marili ............................................................................... 85 3.7 ra Tvisebebi aqvs marilebs ....................................................................... 88 3.8 marilebi praqtikaSi ................................................................................... 93 3.9 ra kavSiria martivsa da rTul nivTierebebs Soris ............................... 97 3.10 gaangariSebebi qimiuri formulis mixedviT ........................................... 100 3.11 qimiuri formulis dadgena elementTa masuri wilis mixedviT ........... 103 SeamowmeT Tqveni codna ..................................................................................... 105 IV Tavi 4.1 siTbo da qimiuri reaqcia .......................................................................... 108 4.2 rodis aris reaqciis toloba Termoqimiuri .......................................... 111 4.3 naxSirwyalbadi da siTbo ........................................................................... 114 3
4 4.4 ra aris navTobi ... ...................................................................................... 117 4.5 ra aris Tbounarianoba .............................................................................. 123 4.6 rogor SevafasoT sawvavi .......................................................................... 127 4.7 navTobi da bunebrivi airi rogorc nedleuli ........................................ 131 4.8 wyalbadi da energetika ............................................................................... 134 4.9 energia da qimiuri reaqcia ......................................................................... 137 4.10 galvanuri elementis gamoyeneba praqtikaSi ............................................ 140 4.11 ra aris polimeri ........................................................................................ 143 4.12 qimiuri teqnologia .................................................................................... 146 SeamowmeT Tqveni codna ..................................................................................... 148 V Tavi 5.1 ra abinZurebs haers ..................................................................................... 152 5.2 saTburis efeqti .......................................................................................... 155 5.3 ras niSnavs haeris xarisxis kontroli ...................................................... 160 5.4 mJava wvimebi ................................................................................................. 164 5.5 rogor SevamciroT niadagis mJavianoba .................................................... 167 5.6 ras niSnavs wylis sisufTavis kontroli .................................................. 171 5.7 wylis xarisxis gansazRvra qimiuri analizis meTodebiT ....................... 175 5.8 rogor aviciloT wylis dabinZureba ........................................................ 179 SeamowmeT Tqveni codna ..................................................................................... 182
- Page 1 and 2: IXklasis saxelmZRvanelo
- Page 3: manana vardiaSvili qimia IX inteleq
- Page 7 and 8: 6 I Tavi raodenobrivi gaangariSebeb
- Page 9 and 10: 8 marTlac, am amocanis gadasaWrelad
- Page 11 and 12: 10 1.2 moluri masa 1 moli naxSirbad
- Page 13 and 14: 12 1.3 airad nivTierebebs Soris mim
- Page 15 and 16: 14 1.4 airis moluri moculoba daikav
- Page 17 and 18: 16 1.5 romeli airia ufro mZime ra d
- Page 19 and 20: 18 • 5 muyaosagan daamzadeT molur
- Page 21 and 22: 20 cxadia gveTanxmebiT, rom reaq ci
- Page 23 and 24: 22 proeqti `puri da orcxobila~ Temi
- Page 25 and 26: 24 amocana gansazRvreT Jangbadisa d
- Page 27 and 28: 26 wyalbads, amitom 1 moli wyalbadi
- Page 29 and 30: 28 eqsperimentuli samuSao reaqciis
- Page 31 and 32: 30 # romel gverdzea Tqvens samuSao
4<br />
4.4 ra aris navTobi ... ...................................................................................... 117<br />
4.5 ra aris Tbounarianoba .............................................................................. 123<br />
4.6 rogor SevafasoT sawvavi .......................................................................... 127<br />
4.7 navTobi da bunebrivi airi rogorc nedleuli ........................................ 131<br />
4.8 wyalbadi da energetika ............................................................................... 134<br />
4.9 energia da qimiuri reaqcia ......................................................................... 137<br />
4.10 galvanuri elementis gamoyeneba praqtikaSi ............................................ 140<br />
4.11 ra aris polimeri ........................................................................................ 143<br />
4.12 qimiuri teqnologia .................................................................................... 146<br />
SeamowmeT Tqveni codna ..................................................................................... 148<br />
V Tavi<br />
5.1 ra abinZurebs haers ..................................................................................... 152<br />
5.2 saTburis efeqti .......................................................................................... 155<br />
5.3 ras niSnavs haeris xarisxis kontroli ...................................................... 160<br />
5.4 mJava wvimebi ................................................................................................. 164<br />
5.5 rogor SevamciroT niadagis mJavianoba .................................................... 167<br />
5.6 ras niSnavs wylis sisufTavis kontroli .................................................. 171<br />
5.7 wylis xarisxis gansazRvra qimiuri analizis meTodebiT ....................... 175<br />
5.8 rogor aviciloT wylis dabinZureba ........................................................ 179<br />
SeamowmeT Tqveni codna ..................................................................................... 182
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