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1. kép: Változó méretű osteolyticus léziók a koponyán 5. kép: Osteolyticus koponyaléziók - röntgen felvétel 2. kép: Osteolyticus léziók a csigolyán 6. kép: Destruktív csigolyaléziók – röntgen felvétel 3. kép: Destruktív léziók a medencecsonton 7. kép: Osteolyticus léziók a medencecsonton – röntgen felvétel 4. kép: Csipkézett szélű körkörös lézió a koponyán 42
Folia Anthropologica 4; 43. (2006) THE IMPORTANCE OF ANTHROPOMETRY IN RESEARCH OF CRANIOFACIAL DISFIGUREMENTS Leslie G. Farkas Department of Plastic Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Quantitative analysis of the morphological changes of the craniofacial complex is essential for the successful surgical treatment. In order to determine the morphological changes appropriate anthropometric measurements are used. The successful surgical treatment requires precise anthropometric analysis of the face. For assessment of the degree of disfigurements the surgeon is using the required norms of the craniofacial complex. The sex and age of the patient should establish the proper time of the surgical intervention. At the present time with frequent migration of people the ethnic/racial origin of patients is essential to know. Evidently, in case of surgical intervention the craniofacial norms, listed in the national characteristics of the patient’s origin, must be used. The three dimensional character of the craniofacial complex requires in addition to the single linear measurements in the 6 regions of the craniofacial complex (forehead, face, orbits, nose, oral region and ears), also the knowledge of the value of relationships between them: the proportion indices. Areal proportions are informing us about the relationship of measurements within the individual regions of the craniofacial complex. The interareal proportion indices are revealing the relation quality between the measurements within two different regions. To bring about the determination of the appropriate quality (degree) of the craniofacial surface measurements for patients, normal values are required in all age groups and for all nations/races of patient, from childhood to adulthood. It is essential for surgical interventions of patients with disfigurement of the craniofacial complex. The maturation of the individual areas of the craniofacial complex is reached earlier in females than in males. At 15 years of age all anatomical points of the craniofacial complex are fully developed in males, which is finished by 14 years of age in females. Exception is the length of the ear (sa-sba), which is fully developed by age 12 years. The age of maturation is important, because a milder degree of disfigurement in early childhood (1-6 years of age) may correct itself and thus disappear by the age of maturation. The surgical correction of the craniofacial dismorphology of a patient demand appropriate anthropometric norms of the face and head of the healthy subjects. The race, nationality, sex and age of the patient would determine the way where to look for information requested. Thus, to find the most suitable method of the surgical intervention, precise results of the preoperative anthropometric analysis have to be ascertained. It means, the essential requirement is to possess the necessary scientific medical literature. A szerző címe: Dr. Leslie G. Farkas 59 Claywood Road Toronto, ON M2N 2R3 CANADA 43
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