Market Prospects for Groundnut in West Africa COMMON FUND ...

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according to European aflatoxin standards. Of the lots certified as ‘aflatoxinfree’ by the USDA during that year – purchased at a premium of $30-40 per ton by a Dutch importing company – about 60% were subsequently found to exceed EU standards for aflatoxin. In that year, only the southwestern US production areas could supply aflatoxin-free Virginia and Runner grades in shells. 3.4 Argentina Argentina accounts for over 16% of world shelled groundnut exports over the past decade, making it the third largest exporter of shelled groundnut. Approximately 28.3% of the Argentine crop was exported in 2001. Argentine origin is considered ‘the first replacement’ for US origin. Argentine groundnut is commonly priced between $600 and $900 per ton; prices are largely determined by the US groundnut crop and Argentina provides an important ‘backup’ supply for the US domestic market. Given its extensive domestic requirements of about 43,000 MT per year as well as its international quality profile, world demand for Argentine groundnut commonly exceeds available supply, and contracts may thus be made far in advance. However, this is not to say that aflatoxin is not a problem in Argentina – it certainly proved so in 1999 – and even (competitively-priced) China can compete quite favorably with Argentina in terms of product quality. The 2001 national economic crisis had severe consequences for Argentine groundnut exporters, despite a good harvest and a clean crop. Export duties of 10% were enforced (and remain in place today), which – together with the cancellation of the 5% export subsidy – led to a total 15% net reduction in income. Even the devaluation of the Argentine peso to the dollar could not mitigate the damage, as many Argentine exporters hold investment loans in US dollars, and could thus not fully benefit from an apparently beneficial exchange rate. 3.5 India India supplied 9.1% of world shelled groundnut exports over the past decade, and nearly 7% of in-shell exports as well. Price-wise, groundnut of Indian origin is consistently below that of China, at the bottom of the ‘big four’ countries of origin, a reflection of what might charitably be called quality concerns. 20
Considered an ‘aflatoxin-prone’ country of origin, India is currently uniformly shunned by European importers. The Indian groundnut export market was largely devastated by the adoption of the EU regulations for aflatoxin. According to statistics from the Indian Oilseeds & Produce Exporters Association (IOPEA), from 1997/98 to 2001/02, Indian groundnut exports fell by nearly 50%; FAOSTAT figures are consistent with this estimate. Exports of Indian groundnut to the EU are now limited to bird food usage (IOPEA 2003). Prospects for rehabilitation (or development) of the international reputation of Indian groundnut, and its re-entry into the European market are not very promising in the foreseeable future. In the meantime, Indonesia currently absorbs much of the Indian export crop, as it is less expensive than groundnut of Chinese origin. Regardless of the international demand for Indian groundnut, production has increased significantly in recent years, most recently in response to opportunities on the world market for groundnut oil, which peaked at $1,500 in August 2003. It is estimated that as much as 92% of the Indian groundnut crop is crushed for oil, mainly to serve the domestic market. With the bumper groundnut harvest in 1993, and after an interregnum of 40 years, India reentered the world market as a supplier of groundnut oil, in direct competition with Senegal and Argentina, both of which suffered significant crop losses during the current (2003/2004) harvest. Though the world groundnut oil price re-adjusted itself rapidly with the re-emergence of India as a supplier (down to $1,170 by January 2004), this level is still significantly better than the domestic price. Fortunately for Indian producers, the export of over 50,000 MT of oil effectively protected the domestic price structure from crashing in response to the 2003 bumper harvest (Ganguli 2004). 3.6 Vietnam Vietnam accounts for 8.2% of world shelled groundnut exports, most of which are destined for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Japan. Although some groundnut of Vietnamese origin has recently reached the US market under Pacific Rim trade agreements, it is rather scarce on the European market. 21
Page 2 and 3: Citation: BR Ntare, F Waliyar, M Ra
Page 4 and 5: COMMON FUND FOR COMMODITIES Stadhou
Page 7 and 8: Contents Executive Summary ........
Page 9 and 10: Executive Summary Groundnut trade i
Page 11 and 12: which prevent infection of the prod
Page 13 and 14: As the oil content of the seed vari
Page 15 and 16: 2.0 West African groundnut markets
Page 17 and 18: The sub-regional market is constrai
Page 19 and 20: it is less valued given its lower p
Page 21 and 22: The primary conclusion of this stud
Page 23 and 24: 3.0 Main producing countries on the
Page 25 and 26: 3.3 The United States of America Ha
Page 27: 2. Producers with a history of grou
Page 31 and 32: 3.8 Other African origins Other Afr
Page 33 and 34: The characteristics of the major in
Page 35 and 36: 1 January 1999 (official journal of
Page 37 and 38: to receive special duty-free status
Page 39 and 40: In addition, a bilateral trade agre
Page 41 and 42: 5.0 West Africa: Market profiles of
Page 43 and 44: the world market, Senegal and Argen
Page 45 and 46: have a liberal trade policy with no
Page 47 and 48: official market. The oil mills were
Page 49 and 50: etween markets, and over time throu
Page 51 and 52: While the harvest extends from Octo
Page 53 and 54: undertaken by collectors, as produc
Page 55 and 56: This market profile is based on the
Page 57 and 58: 9. Who buys your products (where)?
Page 59 and 60: 54 and 90 MT of in-shell groundnut
Page 61 and 62: Production and marketing Groundnut
Page 63 and 64: to reciprocate the efforts of membe
Page 65 and 66: Table 8. Regional trade implication
Page 67 and 68: 5.6 Sub-regional market price data:
Page 69 and 70: Table 11. Regional groundnut trade
Page 71 and 72: While some respondent farmers expre
Page 73 and 74: West Africa Niger A Niger country m
Page 75: Communication was undertaken, and t
Page 79 and 80:
Appendix 1: Statistical analysis of
Page 81 and 82:
Table 15. A 10-year profile of Euro
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
Table 18. African exports of in-she
Page 89 and 90:
Continued from previous page Year 1
Page 91 and 92:
Appendix 2. Continued Quantity (kgs
Page 93 and 94:
Appendix 3. Continued Country Commo
Page 95 and 96:
Appendix 5: Quality aspects of grou
Page 97 and 98:
Table 23. Tolerance limits for afla
Page 99 and 100:
psychophysics. Psychophysics direct
Page 101 and 102:
According to the US Food and Drug A
Page 103 and 104:
There do not appear to be any publi
Page 105 and 106:
Appendix 8: European buyers and bro
Page 107 and 108:
Meridian Foods Ltd Producer of spec
Page 109 and 110:
United Biscuits Food Division/KP Ma
Page 111 and 112:
OMNITRADE Handelsgesellschaft GmbH
Page 113 and 114:
Union Standard Equipment Company 80
Page 115 and 116:
Once Again Nut Butter, Inc.* 12 Sou
Page 117 and 118:
US Broker List Ba-Com Commodities,
Page 119 and 120:
Lee County Peanut Company, Inc. 136
Page 121 and 122:
John B Sanfilippo & Son, Inc. 2299
Page 123 and 124:
Boakye-Yiadom L. 2003. An economic
Page 125 and 126:
Onwueme IC and Sinha TD. 1991. Fiel
Page 127 and 128:
FONDS COMMUN POUR LES PRODUITS DE B
Page 129 and 130:
AVANT PROPOS La production, le mark
Page 131 and 132:
Annexes Annexe 1 : Analyse statisti
Page 133 and 134:
soit fragmentée. Les systèmes de
Page 135 and 136:
4 1.0 Introduction La présente ét
Page 137 and 138:
sous forme de snack. Plus de la moi
Page 139 and 140:
2.2 Caractéristiques du marché de
Page 141 and 142:
Tableau 2 : Analyse des coûts de t
Page 143 and 144:
Arachide de bouche Tandis que le so
Page 145 and 146:
La conclusion primaire de cette ét
Page 147 and 148:
Pour le moment, le projet pourrait
Page 149 and 150:
Alors que le rôle des règlements
Page 151 and 152:
finalement pas d’utilisation prat
Page 153 and 154:
22 (TRQ) est toujours en place mais
Page 155 and 156:
marché européen - ne sont pas tr
Page 157 and 158:
Surveillance (SGS). Cette polarisat
Page 159 and 160:
Les caractéristiques des principau
Page 161 and 162:
En plus de ces nouvelles tendances,
Page 163 and 164:
initiale pour établir la confiance
Page 165 and 166:
Considérant que le but du Programm
Page 167 and 168:
ci-dessus), la demande locale d’a
Page 169 and 170:
taux de change officiel très fluid
Page 171 and 172:
Enquête sur le secteur de l’arac
Page 173 and 174:
conservatrice du producteur est exp
Page 175 and 176:
comme indiqué ci-dessus. Quelques
Page 177 and 178:
À la différence du Sénégal, des
Page 179 and 180:
Figure 3. Fluctuations saisonnière
Page 181 and 182:
Kolokani Comme Kita, Kolokani est l
Page 183 and 184:
Le volume vendu par les grossistes
Page 185 and 186:
Commerce d’arachide / Questionnai
Page 187 and 188:
Résultats de l’étude Niamey Nia
Page 189 and 190:
Les grossistes de Maradi font un b
Page 191 and 192:
les pays producteurs sur les politi
Page 193 and 194:
et la demande fluctuent contre le t
Page 195 and 196:
Bien que la moyenne sous-régionale
Page 197 and 198:
Tableau 10. Prix nationaux du march
Page 199 and 200:
5.7 Observations supplémentaires S
Page 201 and 202:
70 6.0 Historique et méthodologie
Page 203 and 204:
objectifs de l’étude. Une visite
Page 206:
Appendices 75
Page 209 and 210:
Tableau 14. Douze meilleurs pays ex
Page 211 and 212:
Suite de la page précédente 80 An
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Page 217 and 218:
Tableau 19. Exportations africaines
Page 219 and 220:
Annexe 2 : Liste de prix des échan
Page 221 and 222:
Annexe 3 : Politiques commerciales
Page 223 and 224:
Annexe 4 : Importations d’arachid
Page 225 and 226:
94 teneur en humidité : entre 6 et
Page 227 and 228:
Tableau 24. Niveaux maximum possibl
Page 229 and 230:
grâce à sa saveur naturelle, un g
Page 231 and 232:
comme Cuba, la Malaisie et le Portu
Page 233 and 234:
produisant souvent simultanément,
Page 235 and 236:
peut augmenter le risque de cancer
Page 237 and 238:
CJ Wildbird Foods Ltd Manufacturers
Page 239 and 240:
Premier Fruit & Nut Ltd Premier Hou
Page 241 and 242:
The Nut Company B.V. Bedrijvenpark
Page 243 and 244:
Annexe 9 : Liste d’adresses des E
Page 245 and 246:
Specialties Appliance Corp. 715 Sou
Page 247 and 248:
Lincoln Snacks Company 4 High Ridge
Page 249 and 250:
O’connor and Company, Inc. P.O. B
Page 251 and 252:
Sessions Company, Inc. P.O. Box 31-
Page 253 and 254:
Tara Foods A Division of the Kroger
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