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41. A.Q.C., XXXII. Part I. p. 17.42. The Royal Order of Scotland, by Bro. Fred. H. Buckmaster, p. 3.43. Histoire de la Vie et des Ouvrages de Messire François de Selignac de la Mothe-Fénelon, archevêque deCambrai, pp. 105, 149 (1727).44. J.M. Ragon, Ordre Chapitral, Nouveau Grade de Rose-Croix, p. 35.45. The identity of Lord Harnouester has remained a mystery. It has been suggested that Harnouester is onlya French attempt to spell Derwentwater, and therefore that the two Grand Masters referred to were one andthe same person.46. In 1786 the seventh and eighth degrees were transposed, the eleven became Sublime Knight Elect, thetwentieth Grand Master of all Symbolic, the twenty-first Noachite or Prussian Knight, the twenty-third Chiefof the Tabernacle, the twenty-fourth Prince of the Tabernacle, the twenty-fifth Knight of the Brazen Serpent.The thirteenth is now known as the Royal Arch of Enoch and must not be confounded with the Royal Arch,which is the complement of the third degree. The fourteenth is now the Scotch Knight of Perfection, the fifteenthKnight of the Sword or of the East, and the twentieth is Venerable Grand Master.47. History of Freemasonry, III. 93. Thory gives the date of the Kadosch degree as 1743, which seems correct.48. Zohar, section Bereschith, folio 18b.49. A.Q.C., XXVI: " Templar Legends in Freemasonry."50. " This degree is intimately connected with the ancient order of the Knights Templars, a history of whosedestruction, by the united efforts of Philip, King of France, and Pope Clement V, forms a part of the instructionsgiven to the candidate. The dress of the Knights is black, as an emblem of mourning for the extinctionof the Knights Templars, and the death of Jacques du Molay, their last Grand Master...." - Mackey, Lexiconof Freemasonry, p. 172.51. Mr. J.E.S. Tuckett, in the paper before mentioned, quotes the Articles of Union of 1813, in which it issaid that " pure ancient Masonry consists of three degrees and no more," and goes on to observe that: " Accordingto this view those other Degrees (which for convenience may be called Additional Degrees) are notreal Masonry at all, but an extraneous and spontaneous growth springing up around the 'Craft ' proper, laterin date, and mostly foreign, i.e. non-British in origin, and the existence of any such degrees as by somewriters condemned as a contamination of the ' pure Ancient Freemasonry ' of our forefathers."-A.Q.C.,XXXII. Part I. p. 5.52. J.J. Mounier, De l'Influence attribué aux Philosophes, aux Francs-Maçons et aux Illuminés sur la RévolutionFrançaise, p. 148 (1822). See also letter from the Duke of Northumberland at Alnwick to GeneralRainsford dated January 19, 1790, defending Barruel from the charge of attacking Masonry and pointing outthat he only indicated the upper degrees, A.Q.C., XXVI. p. 112.53. Em. Rebold, Histoire des Trois Grandes Loges de Franc-Maçons en France, pp. 9, 10 (1864).54. A.Q.C., XXXII. Part I. 21.55. A.Q.C., XXXII. Part I. 22. It is curious that in this discussion by members of the Quatuor CoronatiLodge the influence of the Templars, which provides the only key to the situation, is almost entirely ignored.56. Yarker, The Arcane Schools, pp. 479-82.57. Mackey, Lexicon of Freemasonry, p. 119.58. Martines de Pasqually, par Papus, président du Suprême Conseil de l'Ordre Martiniste, p. 144 (1895).Papus is the pseudonym of Dr. Gerard Encausse.Nesta H. Webster — Secret Societies and Subversive Movements — Part I— 85 —
CHAPTER VIIGERMAN TEMPLARISM AND FRENCH ILLUMINISMTHE year after Ramsay's oration-that is to say in 1738-Frederick, Crown Prince of Prussia, the futureFrederick the Great, who for two years had been carrying on a correspondence with Voltaire, suddenlyevinced a curiosity to know the secrets of Freemasonry which he had hitherto derided as " Kinderspiel," andaccordingly went through a hasty initiation during the night of August 14-15, whilst passing through Brunswick.[1]The ceremony took place not at a masonic lodge, but at a hotel, in the presence of a deputationsummoned by the Graf von Lippe-Bückeburg from Grand Lodge of Hamburg for the occasion. It is evidentthat something of an unusual kind must have occurred to necessitate these speedy and makeshift arrangements.Carlyle, in his account of the episode, endeavours to pass it off as a " very trifling circumstance "-areason the more for regarding it as of the highest importance since we know now from facts that have recentlycome to light how carefully Carlyle was spoon-fed by Potsdam whilst writing his book on Frederickthe Great.[2]But let us follow Frederick's masonic career. In June 1740, after his accession to the throne, his interestin Masonry had clearly not waned, for we find him presiding over a lodge at Charlottenburg, where he receivedinto the Order two of his brothers, his brother-in-law, and Duke Frederick William of Holstein-Beck.At his desire the Baron de Bielfeld and his privy councillor Jordan founded a lodge at Berlin, the " ThreeGlobes," which by 1746 had no less than fourteen lodges under its jurisdiction.In this same year of 1740 Voltaire, in response to urgent invitations, paid his first visit to Frederick theGreat in Germany. Voltaire is usually said not to have yet become a Mason, and the date of his initiation issupposed to have been 1778, when he was received into the Loge des Neuf Sours in Paris. But this by nomeans precludes the possibility that he had belonged to another masonic Order at an earlier date. At anyrate, Voltaire's visit to Germany was followed by two remarkable events in the masonic world of France.The first of these was the institution of the additional degrees; the second-perhaps not wholly unconnectedwith the first-was the arrival in Paris of a masonic delegate from Germany named von Marschall, whobrought with him instructions for a new or rather a revived Order of Templarism, in which he attempted tointerest Prince Charles Edward and his followers.Von Marschall was followed about two years later by Baron von Hundt, who had been initiated in 1741into the three degrees of Craft Masonry in Germany and now came to consecrate a lodge in Paris. Accordingto von Hundt's own account, he was then received into the Order of the Temple by an unknown Knightof the Red Plume, in the presence of Lord Kilmarnock,[3] and was presented as a distinguished Brother toPrince Charles Edward, whom he imagined to be Grand Master of the Order.[4] But all this was afterwardsshown to be a pure fabrication, for Prince Charles Edward denied all knowledge of the affair, and von Hundthimself admitted later that he did not know the name of the lodge or chapter in which he was received, butthat he was directed from " a hidden centre " and by Unknown Superiors, whose identity he was bound notto reveal.[5] In reality it appears that von Hundt's account was exactly the opposite of the truth,[6] and thatit was von Hundt who, seconding von Marschall's effort, tried to enrol Prince Charles Edward in the newGerman Order by assuring him that he could raise powerful support for the Stuart cause under the cover ofreorganizing the Templar Order, of which he claimed to possess the true secrets handed down from theKnights of the fourteenth century. By way of further rehabilitating the Order, von Hundt declared that allthe accusations brought against it by Philippe le Bel and the Pope were based on false charges manufacturedby two recreant Knights named Noffodei and Florian as a revenge for having been deprived of their commandsby the Order in consequence of certain crimes they had committed.[7] According to Lecouteulx deCanteleu, von Hundt eventually succeeded-after the defeat of Culloden-in persuading Prince Charles Edwardto enter his Order. But this is extremely doubtful. At any rate, when in 1751 von Hundt officiallyfounded his new Templar Order under the name of the Stricte Observance, the unfortunate Charles Edwardplayed no part at all in the scheme. As Mr. Gould has truly observed, " no trace of Jacobite intrigues everblended with the teaching of the Stricte Observance."[8]The Order of the Stricte Observance was in reality a purely German association composed of men drawnentirely from the intellectual and aristocratic classes, and, in imitation of the chivalric Orders of the past,known to each other under knightly titles. Thus Prince Charles of Hesse became Eques a Leone Resurgente,Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick Eques a Victoria, the Prussian minister von Bischoffswerder Eques a Grypho,Baron de Wächter Eques a Ceraso, Christian Bode (Councillor of Legation in Saxe-Gotha) Eques a LilioNesta H. Webster — Secret Societies and Subversive Movements — Part I— 86 —
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Nesta H. WebsterSecret Societies an
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That the author was right in his de
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1. Moniteur for the 14th Fructidor,
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and that " the priests did not shut
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Is the Cabala, then, as Gougenot de
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system of the Jewish hierarchy and
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traditions woven into a coherent na
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This passage would alone suffice to
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itive innocence of the garden of Ed
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1. August le Plongeon, Sacred myste
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ah was not that of ' a light to lig
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110. Matter, op. cit., II. 364.111.
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By means such as these the extraord
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policy. A system which, with no oth
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devoted his life to murder. Thus by
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CHAPTER IIITHE TEMPLARSIN the year
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nesses, says the official report, "
Page 36 and 37: As to the Pope, we have already see
Page 38 and 39: The Paulicians who flourished about
Page 40 and 41: regard to the miracles of Christ is
Page 42 and 43: ing homage to the powers of darknes
Page 44 and 45: 27. Ibid., p. 384.28. F. Funck-Bren
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER IVTHREE CENTURIES OF OCCULT
Page 48 and 49: from this source. Indeed Eliphas L
Page 50 and 51: ment of physics by which the mystic
Page 52 and 53: It will be seen that, according to
Page 54 and 55: Moreover, towards the end of the ce
Page 56 and 57: existence to the world under the na
Page 58 and 59: the true and indisputable facts con
Page 60 and 61: legia in Scotland, at Kilwinning, M
Page 62 and 63: Apprentices, Fellow Crafts, and Mas
Page 64 and 65: Moreover, according to a masonic tr
Page 66 and 67: sider one more link in the chain of
Page 68 and 69: but more likely borrowed from the R
Page 70 and 71: 1. A Free Mason's answer to the Sus
Page 72 and 73: Les Sociétés Secrètes en Allemag
Page 74 and 75: ment, but in the transformation tha
Page 76 and 77: middle of the eighteenth century sp
Page 78 and 79: Freemasonry traced to the Crusades:
Page 80 and 81: Cross; and finally, that a degree o
Page 82 and 83: claimed to be not merely a part of
Page 84 and 85: 1. Histoire de la Monarchie Prussie
Page 88 and 89: Convallium, von Haugwitz (Cabinet M
Page 90 and 91: thentic they were the work of Volta
Page 92 and 93: speech had reached the ears of Fred
Page 94 and 95: 1782 an English Freemason writes: "
Page 96 and 97: Contemporaries, however, take him l
Page 98 and 99: 25. Evidently a reference to the se
Page 100 and 101: CHAPTER IIXTHE JEWISH CABALISTSIT h
Page 102 and 103: Podolia, known as Ba'al Shem Tob, o
Page 104 and 105: applied to Falk in his quest for th
Page 106 and 107: und Falk: Gespräche für Freimaure
Page 108 and 109: 1. L'Antisémitisme, p. 335.2. Ibid
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER IXTHE BAVARIAN ILLUMINATITH
Page 112 and 113: mancers, would authorize us in decl
Page 114 and 115: merce by customs, excise duties, an
Page 116 and 117: day.Weishaupt, however, admits hims
Page 118 and 119: and the world the abode of reasonab
Page 120 and 121: ing esteemed and " respectable " pe
Page 122 and 123: mother dead ! Corpse, wedding, chri
Page 124 and 125: way of duplicity and imposture.More
Page 126 and 127: isted, whereat he gave me his word
Page 128 and 129: 100. It has several times been stat
Page 130 and 131: But in the year before these events
Page 132 and 133: terested in supporting the system o
Page 134 and 135: Amongst these others were not only
Page 136 and 137:
attempt on the part of the Jews to
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been and will be the authors of pre
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ressorts]."Two years later, on Janu
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derstood that there may be uniformi
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ectory of the Carbonari and was led
Page 146 and 147:
1. Henri Martin, Histoire de France
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