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Zusammenfassungen - Résumés - Abstracts
Models as tools for the partial re-erection of the Traian Sanctuary
in Pergamon
At the end of the 19th century, the Traianeum built during the Roman Imperial Age on
the capital hill of Pergamon hade been excavated and published already. The
excavation on behalf of the Deustches Archäologisches Institut aimed at an “anastilosis”,
i.e. “the re-erection of existing, but disassembled parts of the building” (Charta of
Venice).
Models in various scales have been exceedingly important and helpful as basis for
decisions. Often, models serve well for the recapitulation and clarification of an ideal
original form – as a complete reconstruction – as having been shown by Schleif for the
capital hill of Pergamon.
As well, a model of the Traianeum was to be built predecessing the works, with the
extend and state of conservation of the existing original material still being unknown,
in order to propagate a reconstruction as comprehensive as possible. With the model
being crafted during the recording works, the extend of the partial re-erection has been
conditioned to the number of overcome architectural members. The work pieces of
the building have been formed as exchangeable miniature blocks for the model, being
movable freely, in order to secure the possibilities of varying positioning.
The model enabled:
-Firstly, to review by coloured original parts and white additions the relation of original
material and new parts made from artificial stone within the building context.
-Secondly, deciding on the artificially desirable position of parts which could be situated
at various places, e.g. pieces of collumns.
-As well, appointing the amount of new material in terms of the didactic presentation,
i.e. the self explanation of the building.
In our opinion, an allurement of the small scale of the “belittled” model, which has to be
well minded, has been the enhanced liability to greater completeness and better clarification
of the building, turning towards a didactic presentation of the “original state”. The
mass of new material and the size of visible (and “dead”) surfaces of the amendments
in-between the reality of an antique place can be lost focus of easily.
Therefore, we have simulated the surfaces of missing parts, possibly due to be
supplemented, (e.g. with frameworks covered with linen) in order to reach a balance
between understandable presentation and minimising the newly attached parts, using
this full-size mock-up, as result of considerations by staff and members of the building
commission.
In this way the necessary and justifiable extend of supplementations of the orthostats
of the temple base or of the northern hall’s balustrades had been determined.
As well, using variable full-size models, the degree of abstraction for the complement
of the channelling, profiles of the bases of the temple base or the capitals of medusa
within the temple cornice was decided on by considering the real appearance, the
obvious convincing power of the experiments and the optical comparison between
different patterns.
In the works at the Traianeum, models in differing scales have been contributing to
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Modelle und Architektur - Les maquettes et l´architecture - Models and Architecture