Modelle und Architektur Les Maquettes d ... - Aktuell - TUM

Zusammenfassungen - Résumés - Abstracts
ers « staticiens expérimentaux », de L. Ch. Sturm à I. P. Kulibin, le charpentier qui, en
1776, cherchait à démontrer la faisabilité d’un projet de pont à St Petersbourg. Les lois
de proportionnalité correctes ne seront d’ailleurs publiées, en réaction à
Kulibin, que par Leonhard Euler (Regula facilis pro diiudicanda firmitate pontis…ex
cognita firmitate moduli, Eneström 480), puis diffusées par le jésuite hongrois Johann
Baptist Horvath (Dissertatio de methodo futuram pontis lignei ... firmitatam investigandi,
1780).
Alors que les maquettes des machines hydrauliques d’Augsburg ont été déjà étudiées
par Wilhelm Ruckdeschel, les maquettes de construction du Maximilan Museum
gagneraient à être étudiées, d’autant plus que les ouvrages de Caspar Walter le Jeune
et de son contemporain Lucas Voch (1728-1983) apportent une abondante documentation.
Ils ont d’ailleurs été à nouveau édités au début du 19 e siècle par Johann Michael
Voit, et ont ainsi été largement utilisés par les professionnels.
Model – Textbook – Monument
The Augsburg collections of baroque models
The Maximilian museum, Augsburg, preserves a collection of models (17 th to early 19 th
centuries) of European rank. Apart from Elias Holl’s well-known architectural design
models for the Town Hall of Augsburg, the collection comprises also the former model
cabinet of the St. Anne’s Gymnasium, as well as the collection of technical models
(roofs, hydraulic architecture, machinery, bridges) which was created in the 18 th century
by the city’s „fountain masters“, or hydraulic engineers (carpenters by education). The
latter model collection served as educational material, but was also exhibited to the
general public in an ad-hoc museum located in the city’s public water works. The father
of this collection was Caspar Walter the Younger (1701-69), the most prominent of
Augsburg’s 18 th century hydraulic „engineers“ (designers of pumps, hydraulic architecture,
and public waterworks). His collection is particularly fascinating because it is
accompanied by rich archival, as well as printed, sources. Walter published several
treatises (Hydraulica Augustana, 1754; Architectura Hydraulica, 1765; Bridge Building,
1766; Art of Carpentry, 1769), and many of the designs discussed in these books
reappear in the model collection. Whereas Walter’s designs for hydraulic engines
have been studied in depth by Wilhelm Ruckdeschel, his architectural models still wait
for scientific analysis. Just as an example, we highlight the model of the 1709 roof of
Augsburg’s Lutheran St. Ulrich’s church (erected by Caspar Walter the Elder, the father
of Caspar Walter the Younger, and also author of a carpentry treatise). By a fortunate
coincidence, we can compare the model to the preserved original, and also to an engraving
of the cross-section which was published in Caspar Walter’s „Art of Carpentry“.
In this special case, the model may have served for design presentation, rather than for
educational purposes. The same is probably true for the model of the falsework of the
18 th century vaulting of Augsburg’s St. Anne’s church. This unique model is remarkable
because it indicates that the vaulting was executed as a domical vault without boarding,
a vaulting technique which was not very common at the time in the region.
Interestingly, we have evidence that Walter the Younger employed his models not only
for teaching and design presentation, but also for experimental structural analysis. Use
of scale models for this purpose appears occasionally in the 18 th century and can be
Modelle und Architektur - Les maquettes et l´architecture - Models and Architecture 79