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Projet de stage 3 - Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée

Projet de stage 3 - Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée

Projet de stage 3 - Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée

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Digital Image Analysis of the Human P<strong>la</strong>centa Cross-SectionsLaboratory: Con<strong>de</strong>nsed Matter Physics Laboratory, Ecole PolytechniqueInternship level: M1, M2 in Applied Mathematics, Computer Science, Biosciences,Bioinformatics.Internship duration: 3-6 months.Further information: Denis GREBENKOV (<strong>de</strong>nis.grebenkov@polytechnique.edu),Alexan<strong>de</strong>r SÉROV (alexan<strong>de</strong>r.serov@polytechnique.edu), and Marcel FILOCHE(marcel.filoche@polytechnique.edu).Project <strong>de</strong>scription:The human p<strong>la</strong>centa is a critical organ as it governs the exchange of oxygen, carbondioxi<strong>de</strong>, and nutriments of the foetus. The very complex geometrical structure of this organrequires <strong>de</strong>dicated methods for analyzing microphotographs of its cross-sections. New anefficient image processing algorithms initially <strong>de</strong>signed for mineral materials have beenrecently <strong>de</strong>veloped at the Con<strong>de</strong>nsed Matter Physics <strong>la</strong>boratory at Ecole Polytechnique.These algorithms may now be applied to biological structures such as the human p<strong>la</strong>centa inparticu<strong>la</strong>r.The aim of this project is to study how these new algorithms may be adapted foranalyzing light-microscopy images. The end goal is to automatically segment and <strong>de</strong>terminetypes, positions, sizes and areas of different kinds of components of the human p<strong>la</strong>centasuch as villous trees, intervillous space, fibrinoid necrosis, foetal capil<strong>la</strong>ries and trophob<strong>la</strong>st<strong>la</strong>yers. The resulting data will be used in a wi<strong>de</strong>r international project inten<strong>de</strong>d to study there<strong>la</strong>tionship between the morphology of the p<strong>la</strong>cental structure and its exchange efficiency.The stu<strong>de</strong>nt completing the project will acquire new competences image analysis,highly appreciated in mo<strong>de</strong>rn science and industry; he also will practice and improve hisprogramming skills in a Mat<strong>la</strong>b® working environment, and will take part to an internationa<strong>la</strong>nd interdisciplinary scientific research project, at the bor<strong>de</strong>r between physics, physiologyand medicine.The candidate should possess programming skills (knowing Mat<strong>la</strong>b® environmentand/or C/C++ <strong>la</strong>nguage highly recommen<strong>de</strong>d), basic background in computer sciences andapplied mathematics and strong motivations for interdisciplinary research.


Analyse <strong>de</strong>s images numériques <strong>de</strong> sections transversales <strong>de</strong>p<strong>la</strong>centa humain<strong>Laboratoire</strong> : <strong>Laboratoire</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>Physique</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Matière Con<strong>de</strong>nsée à l’ÉcolePolytechniqueNiveau <strong>de</strong> <strong>stage</strong> : M1, M2 en mathématique appliquée, informatique, biosciences,bioinformatique.Durée <strong>de</strong> <strong>stage</strong> : 3-6 mois.Informations complémentaires :Denis GREBENKOV (<strong>de</strong>nis.grebenkov@polytechnique.edu),Alexan<strong>de</strong>r SEROV (alexan<strong>de</strong>r.serov@polytechnique.edu),Marcel FILOCHE (marcel.filoche@polytechnique.edu).Description du projet :Le p<strong>la</strong>centa humain est un organe critique car il contrôle les échanges gazeux et <strong>de</strong>nutriments chez le fœtus. Sa structure géométrique complexe exige <strong>de</strong>s métho<strong>de</strong>s dédiéesafin d’analyser les microphotographies <strong>de</strong> ses sections transversales. Récemment, <strong>de</strong>nouveaux algorithmes numériques performants ont été développés au <strong>la</strong>boratoire <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><strong>Physique</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Matière Con<strong>de</strong>nsée <strong>de</strong> l’Ecole Polytechnique afin <strong>de</strong> traiter <strong>de</strong> telles imagesdans le contexte <strong>de</strong>s milieux poreux minéraux. Ces algorithmes peuvent être maintenantappliqués à l’étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong>s structures biologiques telles que le p<strong>la</strong>centa humain.Le but <strong>de</strong> ce projet est d’étudier comment ces algorithmes peuvent être adaptés àl’analyse spécifique <strong>de</strong>s images <strong>de</strong> microscopie optique. L’objectif final est d’être capable <strong>de</strong>segmenter automatiquement et <strong>de</strong> déterminer les types, positions, tailles et superficies <strong>de</strong>sdifférents composants du p<strong>la</strong>centa humain, tels que l’arbre villositaire, l’espace intervilleux,<strong>la</strong> nécrose fibrinoï<strong>de</strong>, les capil<strong>la</strong>ires du fœtus et les couches trophob<strong>la</strong>stiques. Les donnéesobtenues seront utilisées dans un projet international du <strong>la</strong>boratoire portant sur l’étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><strong>la</strong> re<strong>la</strong>tion entre <strong>la</strong> structure morphologique du p<strong>la</strong>centa, et son efficacité en tantqu’échangeur gazeux.A <strong>la</strong> suite <strong>de</strong> ce <strong>stage</strong>, l’étudiant aura acquis un savoir-faire en analyse d’images, unecompétence très <strong>de</strong>mandée en science et dans l’industrie mo<strong>de</strong>rne ; il aura par ailleursamélioré ses compétences en programmation dans l’environnement <strong>de</strong> travail Mat<strong>la</strong>b®; enfin, il aura pris part à un projet <strong>de</strong> recherche international interdisciplinaire à <strong>la</strong> frontièreentre physique, physiologie et mé<strong>de</strong>cine.Le candidat doit possé<strong>de</strong>r <strong>de</strong>s compétences en programmation (<strong>la</strong> connaissance <strong>de</strong>l’environnement Mat<strong>la</strong>b® ou/et <strong>de</strong>s <strong>la</strong>ngages <strong>de</strong> programmation C/C++ est fortement


ecommandée), une formation <strong>de</strong> base en informatique et en mathématiques appliquées,ainsi qu’une forte motivation pour <strong>la</strong> recherche interdisciplinaire.

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