MINFOF, research or training institutions, conservation projects and non-governmentalorganisations working on ecological <strong>monitoring</strong>. The information collected was analysedand used in the drafting <strong>of</strong> a report that was submitted in several steps <strong>of</strong> validations.Before presenting the methodological guide, the introductory parts <strong>of</strong> the documentreview the conceptual framework, stressing on the definition <strong>of</strong> key concepts and ecological<strong>monitoring</strong> systems being implemented in Cameroon. It was noticed that several ecological<strong>monitoring</strong> systems were drawn up within the framework <strong>of</strong> conservation projects beingimplemented in some protected areas in Cameroon, in which only some parts are sufficientlydocumented.The areas concerned with this study are mainly wildlife protected areas. They wereclassified in 3 categories: Those with a relatively elaborate ecological <strong>monitoring</strong> system(e.g. the Campo Ma’an, Benoue, Boumba-Bek, Nki, Mbam and Djerem, Waza, and KorupNational Parks, and the Dja biosphere reserve), those where basic studies have been carriedout but which do not have an ecological <strong>monitoring</strong> system (e.g the Manenguba, Douala-Edea, Kagwene, Takamanda, Bakossi, Bayang-Mbo and Mengame National Parks), andthose where basic information is absent (e.g. Mbere Valley, Mpem and Djim, Kalamaloué,Mozogo-Gokpro and “Mefou” National Parks, Santchou reserves, Lake Ossa, Kimbi andMount Oku). It can be noticed that all these protected areas have not always received thesame degree <strong>of</strong> attention from conservation partners.The main ecological <strong>monitoring</strong> systems being tested in Cameroon have beenpresented in a table, and classified according to the following groups: Vegetation andhabitat, wild animal species, environmental conditions and human factors. This section endswith an analysis <strong>of</strong> the systems being tested and sorts out priority actions for ecological<strong>monitoring</strong> in Cameroon – the need to consider the impact <strong>of</strong> activities being carried out onbiodiversity conservation as well as the well-being <strong>of</strong> communities. Very few conservationprogrammes deal with <strong>monitoring</strong> socio-economic trends to ensure their correlation with theevolution <strong>of</strong> biological potentials, which should preoccupy the “conservators” in future.Otherwise, the principle <strong>of</strong> community participation will be questionable. The ecological<strong>monitoring</strong> system must lay emphasis on the spatio-temporal dynamics <strong>of</strong> large animals,which are the component <strong>of</strong> biodiversity most threatened by human activity (hunting) andmost sensitive to the various degradations <strong>of</strong> natural habitats.There is a discrepancy between the aim <strong>of</strong> gathering available documentation onCameroon protected areas and the rest <strong>of</strong> findings in this study and will be presented as anindex in a separate volume. It should be noted, however, that 1780 references werecatalogued in sixteen sites that were visited during this study.The main chapter covers the methodological guide. It is arranged in a way as toregroup the required elements to present the natural factors <strong>of</strong> the milieu, emphasizing onclimatic factors, a <strong>monitoring</strong> <strong>of</strong> the vegetation and fauna, a presentation <strong>of</strong> anthropogenicfactors <strong>of</strong> the milieu while emphasizing not only on the <strong>monitoring</strong> <strong>of</strong> activities <strong>of</strong> resourcesexploitation but also on a follow-up <strong>of</strong> the management <strong>of</strong> protected areas. In each part, themeasured parameters and their importance are highlighted, followed by a section on how tomeasure them, and <strong>final</strong>ly, some tools and necessary resources for <strong>monitoring</strong> theseparameters are presented. Among other tools, the document stresses on chart modelsrequired for data collection, apparatuses and instruments for data collection in the field and,devices and programmes for treating specific data. The <strong>monitoring</strong> <strong>of</strong> animal species is thebasis for ecological <strong>monitoring</strong> programmes applicable in protected areas (bio-<strong>monitoring</strong>).It is based on various methods for sampling animal species. Data are processed to producemaps and other useful information. For the <strong>monitoring</strong> <strong>of</strong> large and medium-sized mammals,xii
the guide reviews the sample surveys, tracking missions, the <strong>monitoring</strong> <strong>of</strong> animalmovements, the animals visiting particular sites, etc. The main information on each group <strong>of</strong>parameters are summed up in a table and at the end, they are summarized into a larger table.The geographical information system is presented at the end as a powerful tool for managingall these data collected from ecological <strong>monitoring</strong>.Since many observers believe ecological <strong>monitoring</strong> is quite costly, it is necessary toselect strategic parameters to follow in a bid to set up a simple and less costly system. Theorganisation <strong>of</strong> the implementation strategy for the proposed system highlights the mainstages which include: putting in place necessary resources, tailoring the methodologicalguide, the implementing the system on the sites including data collection and <strong>final</strong>ly,maximizing results. Ecological <strong>monitoring</strong> should be spread to cover all protected areasbeginning from a pilot phase which enables to boost others thanks to the Monitoring feedbackand to compare protected areas both in terms <strong>of</strong> biodiversity and pressures being put onthem, and in terms <strong>of</strong> effective management.The document’s last chapter comprises the conclusion and recommendations. It canbe noticed that the document comprises significant methodological achievements which, ifadopted by the various conservation services, will require necessary efforts and resources.Training, equipment and functioning are the main components <strong>of</strong> these resources, in a wellestablishedpartnership. These elements are revisited as a whole in the recommendationssection, with emphasis placed on the need to conserve and to better value existing capacitiesat MINFOF while improving on the management <strong>of</strong> personnel postings in protected areas.The other recommendations stress on ecological <strong>monitoring</strong> units to be set up within theframework <strong>of</strong> the PSFE• The setting up <strong>of</strong> a central coordination unit to be trained, equipped and lodged in theDepartment <strong>of</strong> Wildlife and Protected Areas;• Choice <strong>of</strong> pilot sites with adequate equipment, appropriate computer programs andcommunication facilities linking other conservation sites;• Strengthening other protected areas for a minimum <strong>of</strong> intervention.xiii
- Page 2 and 3: REPUBLIQUE DU CAMEROUNPaix - Travai
- Page 4 and 5: Chapitre 3 APPROCHE METHODOLOGIQUE
- Page 6 and 7: PREFACELa conservation de la biodiv
- Page 8 and 9: PNCMPNFPNKPNLPNMDPNNKPNUEPNVM :PNWP
- Page 10 and 11: RESUME EXECUTIFLa recherche appliqu
- Page 12 and 13: mis non seulement sur le suivi des
- Page 16 and 17: Chapitre 1 INTRODUCTION GENERALE1.1
- Page 18 and 19: 1.2 Objectifs de l’étude1.2.1 Ob
- Page 20 and 21: Chapitre 2 REVUE DOCUMENTAIRE2.1 D
- Page 22 and 23: existe de ce fait un éventail de p
- Page 24 and 25: • L’amélioration de la contrib
- Page 26 and 27: égionales. L’Ecole de Faune de G
- Page 28 and 29: 2.2.4 Présentation du réseau nati
- Page 30 and 31: Réseau national d’aires protég
- Page 32 and 33: 2.3 Revue et analyse des systèmes
- Page 34 and 35: 2.3.1.1 Analyse des forces et faibl
- Page 36 and 37: Insuffisante coordination et collab
- Page 38 and 39: Réserve de faune du Lac Ossa, la R
- Page 40 and 41: ZICGC) et les zones d’exploitatio
- Page 42 and 43: Dans la Région du Nord-Ouest, le S
- Page 44 and 45: Biosphère du Dja, etc. Elles ont c
- Page 46 and 47: • Les différents systèmes de co
- Page 48 and 49: Chapitre 4 GUIDE METHODOLOGIQUE DUS
- Page 50 and 51: capacité de charge, ainsi que cell
- Page 52 and 53: d’un thermomètre et d’un hygro
- Page 54 and 55: 4.2.4.1.3 Outils de mise en œuvreC
- Page 56 and 57: La périodicité des observations e
- Page 58 and 59: : Récapitulatif des approches de s
- Page 60 and 61: . Méthodes indirectes de comptageL
- Page 62 and 63: 4.2.5.3.2 Méthode préconisée pou
- Page 64 and 65:
souvent dans la réussite des opér
- Page 66 and 67:
salines qui sont des pôles d’att
- Page 68 and 69:
4.2.5.6.2 Suivi des reptiles et des
- Page 70 and 71:
: Récapitulatif des approches de s
- Page 72 and 73:
Le développement de cette activit
- Page 74 and 75:
La mise en œuvre d’un programme
- Page 76 and 77:
: Les approches de suivi des facteu
- Page 78 and 79:
• La distance totale parcourue pa
- Page 80 and 81:
d’un cadre légal protégeant les
- Page 82 and 83:
FauneLesfacteursanthropiques du mil
- Page 84 and 85:
Le partage desretombées pourles co
- Page 86 and 87:
Les logiciels sont constitués d’
- Page 88 and 89:
Chapitre 5 STRATEGIE DE MISE EN ŒU
- Page 90 and 91:
• Les équipements d’immobilisa
- Page 92 and 93:
5.4 Mise en place d’un système o
- Page 94 and 95:
• Professionnels de terrain (Guid
- Page 96 and 97:
• Gestion du personnel de l’air
- Page 98 and 99:
5.6.2 Partenariat et suivi évaluat
- Page 100 and 101:
6.2 Recommandations6.2.1 Recommanda
- Page 102 and 103:
REFERENCES BIBLIOGRAPHIQUESBlake, S
- Page 104 and 105:
Etoga, G., Bene Bene, L., & Yello,
- Page 106 and 107:
MINFOF, 2007 - Plan d’aménagemen
- Page 108 and 109:
%ANNEXESAnnexe 1: Termes de Référ
- Page 110 and 111:
8 - Compétences requises et estima
- Page 112 and 113:
ABOUBAKAR39 Mr DONGMO Chef de Servi
- Page 114 and 115:
FICHE D’ENTRETIEN AVEC LES STRUCT
- Page 116 and 117:
13) Quels sont les types de bases d
- Page 118 and 119:
6 Le gorille7 Le Rhinocéros8 Les
- Page 120 and 121:
……………………………
- Page 122 and 123:
: Modèle de fiche de codification
- Page 124 and 125:
N° deCode: Modèle de fiche de rel
- Page 126 and 127:
: Modèle de fiche pour le dénombr
- Page 128 and 129:
: Modèle de fiche de suivi de la f
- Page 130 and 131:
: Modèle pour la collecte des donn
- Page 132 and 133:
: Fiche sommaire de rapport de chas
- Page 134 and 135:
: Fiche d’observation des espèce
- Page 136 and 137:
: Modèle de fiche d’évaluation
- Page 138 and 139:
: Modèle de fiche de collecte des
- Page 140 and 141:
Nombre d’éleveurs : ____________
- Page 142 and 143:
Cas d’exploitation illégale des