Vidéos• Marie Stopes International (MSI) Clips <strong>de</strong> la campagne“Make Wom<strong>en</strong> Matter» http://www.makewom<strong>en</strong>matter.org/watch• Vidéo du New York Times (4 minutes) sur les <strong>besoins</strong><strong>non</strong> <strong>satisfaits</strong> <strong>en</strong> Haïti (2009) : http://vi<strong>de</strong>o.nytimes.com/vi<strong>de</strong>o/2009/04/04/opinion/1194839118170/saving-liveswith-family-planning.htmlBanques d’imagesPlanetwire : images gratuites sur <strong>de</strong>s thèmes relatifs audéveloppem<strong>en</strong>t, santé materno-infantile et VIH inclushttp://www.planetwire.org/audiovisuals.phpPhotoshare : <strong>de</strong>s milliers <strong>de</strong> photos <strong>en</strong> rapport avec les thèmes<strong>de</strong> la santé et du développem<strong>en</strong>t, gratuites pour toute utilisation<strong>non</strong>-commerciale ou éducativehttp://www.photoshare.org/Photos <strong>de</strong> la Banque mondiale : Images disponibles <strong>en</strong> haute(8”x12” 300dpi) et basse résolution.• Vidéo du Population Refer<strong>en</strong>ce Bureau (PRB) (16minutes) : explique dans quelle mesure la <strong>planification</strong><strong>familiale</strong> contribue à la croissance économique et à laréduction <strong>de</strong> la pauvreté à l’échelle <strong>familiale</strong>, communautaireet nationale ; vise à repositionner la <strong>planification</strong> <strong>familiale</strong> dansla liste <strong>de</strong>s priorités politiques <strong>en</strong> Afrique subsahari<strong>en</strong>ne.http://www.prb.org/Journalists/Webcasts/2011/familyplanning-poverty-reduction.aspx(le site <strong>de</strong> PRB laisse<strong>en</strong>t<strong>en</strong>dre qu’une version française sera bi<strong>en</strong>tôt disponible)Pour les prés<strong>en</strong>tations Powerpoint, les docum<strong>en</strong>ts <strong>en</strong>ligne et les sites internet, vous pouvez utiliser la basserésolution (8”x12” 72dpi). Att<strong>en</strong>tion, les images basse-résolutionne sont pas imprimables. Vous les trouverez sur le site Flickr <strong>de</strong>la Banque mondiale : www.worldbank.org/flickrPour les utilisateurs PC, faites-un clic droit sur l’image etsélectionnez la taille dans le m<strong>en</strong>u pop-up. Vous serez redirigéssur une page d’où vous pourrez télécharger l’image.Pour l’impression, utilisez <strong>de</strong>s images haute-résolution (8”x12”,300dpi). Vous les trouverez dans la photothèque <strong>de</strong> la Banquemondiale : http://secure.worldbank.org/photolibrary/servlet/main?pagePK=149932GlossaireTaux d’utilisation <strong>de</strong> la contraceptionProportion <strong>de</strong> femmes <strong>en</strong> âge <strong>de</strong> procréer qui utilis<strong>en</strong>t ou dont lepart<strong>en</strong>aire sexuel utilise un moy<strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong> contraception à un mom<strong>en</strong>tdonné.Planification <strong>familiale</strong>Ensemble <strong>de</strong>s métho<strong>de</strong>s et <strong>de</strong>s stratégies qui permett<strong>en</strong>t auxindividus et aux couples <strong>de</strong> prévoir et d’avoir le nombre d’<strong>en</strong>fantsqu’ils souhait<strong>en</strong>t, au mom<strong>en</strong>t où ils le souhait<strong>en</strong>t. On y parvi<strong>en</strong>tau moy<strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong> métho<strong>de</strong>s contraceptives et <strong>en</strong> traitant l’infertilitéinvolontaire. La capacité d’une femme à espacer et à limiter sesgrossesses influ<strong>en</strong>ce directem<strong>en</strong>t sa santé, son bi<strong>en</strong>-être, et ledéroulem<strong>en</strong>t <strong>de</strong> chaque grossesse.Taux <strong>de</strong> féconditéMesure qui associe le nombre <strong>de</strong> naissances sur une pério<strong>de</strong>donnée au nombre <strong>de</strong> femmes <strong>en</strong> âge <strong>de</strong> procréer (contrairem<strong>en</strong>tau taux brut <strong>de</strong> natalité, qui ramène le nombre <strong>de</strong> naissance àl’<strong>en</strong>semble <strong>de</strong> la population). Le taux <strong>de</strong> fécondité rapporte lesnaissances d’une pério<strong>de</strong> donnée (souv<strong>en</strong>t un an) au nombre <strong>de</strong>femmes âgées <strong>de</strong> 15 à 44, ou <strong>de</strong> 15 à 49 ans sur cette mêmepério<strong>de</strong>. <strong>Les</strong> taux <strong>de</strong> fécondité par âge rapport<strong>en</strong>t les naissancesau nombre <strong>de</strong> femmes d’un groupe d’âge donné (15-19 ans, 20-24 ans…). Tous ces taux sont généralem<strong>en</strong>t exprimés pour 1000femmes. Le taux <strong>de</strong> fécondité cumulé additionne les taux parâge pour produire une hypothèse du nombre d’<strong>en</strong>fants moy<strong>en</strong>que chaque femme aurait si les mêmes taux s’appliquai<strong>en</strong>t lors<strong>de</strong> sa grossesse.Contraceptifs mo<strong>de</strong>rnesMoy<strong>en</strong>s <strong>de</strong> contraception médicaux ou médicam<strong>en</strong>teux, tels quela stérilisation masculine et féminine, les dispositifs intra-utérins,les métho<strong>de</strong>s hormonales (pilules, injectables, implants, patchs,anneaux vaginaux), les préservatifs féminins et masculins et lesmétho<strong>de</strong>s dites “<strong>de</strong> barrière” (diaphragmes, capes cervicales,mousses, gelées, crèmes et éponges spermici<strong>de</strong>s).Taux <strong>de</strong> fécondité cumuléNombre moy<strong>en</strong> d’<strong>en</strong>fants vivants mis au mon<strong>de</strong> par chaquefemme au cours <strong>de</strong> sa vie. Il s’agit plus précisém<strong>en</strong>t <strong>de</strong>déterminer le nombre théorique d’<strong>en</strong>fants qu’une femme quisurvit jusqu’à l’âge moy<strong>en</strong> <strong>de</strong> la ménopause aura si elle suit lestaux <strong>de</strong> fécondité par âge établis. Le TFC sert à anticiper lesdynamiques <strong>de</strong> population au sein d’un pays donné. Le taux <strong>de</strong>r<strong>en</strong>ouvellem<strong>en</strong>t <strong>de</strong> la population est fixé à 2 <strong>en</strong>fants par femmeafin d’assurer une relative stabilité <strong>de</strong>s totaux.Métho<strong>de</strong>s traditionnelles <strong>de</strong> <strong>planification</strong> <strong>familiale</strong>Métho<strong>de</strong>s prév<strong>en</strong>tives qui ne sont ni pharmaceutiques, ni<strong>de</strong> barrière. On y inclut le rythme, le retrait, l’abstin<strong>en</strong>ce etl’aménorrhée due à la lactation (infécondité due à l’abs<strong>en</strong>ce<strong>de</strong> règles p<strong>en</strong>dant l’allaitem<strong>en</strong>t, qui ne fonctionne que si lafemme allaite continuellem<strong>en</strong>t, et jamais plus <strong>de</strong> six mois aprèsl’accouchem<strong>en</strong>t). Des étu<strong>de</strong>s ont démontré l’inefficacité <strong>de</strong> cesmétho<strong>de</strong>s.Grossesse <strong>non</strong>-désiréeGrossesse déclarée alors que la femme souhaitait repousser laconception d’au moins <strong>de</strong>ux ans ou ne souhaitait pas tomber<strong>en</strong>ceinte du tout.38 www.countdown2015europe.org
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