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Effet book-to-market et mesure de performance à la Bourse ... - cergam

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<strong>Eff<strong>et</strong></strong> <strong>book</strong>-<strong>to</strong>-<strong>mark<strong>et</strong></strong> <strong>et</strong> <strong>mesure</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>performance</strong>à <strong>la</strong> <strong>Bourse</strong> <strong>de</strong> ParisRESUMELa récente confirmation du rôle joué par le ratio valeur comptable/valeur <strong>de</strong> marché (VC/VM)dans l'explication <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> rentabilité sur différents marchés pose <strong>la</strong> question <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> compréhensiond'une telle re<strong>la</strong>tion. Parallèlement, <strong>la</strong> finance d'entreprise a développé diverses <strong>mesure</strong>s <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong><strong>performance</strong> <strong>de</strong>s firmes issues <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> pratique <strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> recherche financières. Dans un modèlefac<strong>to</strong>riel <strong>de</strong> rentabilité, trois <strong>mesure</strong>s <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>performance</strong> (ratio Q <strong>de</strong> Tobin, ratio <strong>de</strong> Sharpe <strong>et</strong>"valeur <strong>de</strong> marché ajoutée") sont substituées au ratio VC/VM. Les re<strong>la</strong>tions attendues entre ces<strong>mesure</strong>s <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> <strong>performance</strong> <strong>et</strong> le ratio VC/VM sont globalement vérifiées. Ainsi, le ratio VC/VMpeut être interpréter comme une <strong>mesure</strong> <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> non-<strong>performance</strong> <strong>de</strong>s entreprises.Mots-clefs : modèle fac<strong>to</strong>riel, MVA, <strong>performance</strong>, ratio VC/VM, ratio Q, ratio <strong>de</strong> Sharpe.ABSTRACTThe recent confirmation of the role <strong>de</strong>voted by the <strong>book</strong>-<strong>to</strong>-<strong>mark<strong>et</strong></strong> ratio in the exp<strong>la</strong>nation ofs<strong>to</strong>ck r<strong>et</strong>urns on international <strong>mark<strong>et</strong></strong>s raises the question of the comprehension of such a re<strong>la</strong>tion.The corporate finance <strong>de</strong>veloped measure of the <strong>performance</strong> of the firms resulting fromfinancial practice and research. In a fac<strong>to</strong>r mo<strong>de</strong>l of s<strong>to</strong>ck, three measures of the <strong>performance</strong>(ratio Q of Tobin, ratio of Sharpe and " value of <strong>mark<strong>et</strong></strong> ad<strong>de</strong>d") are substituted for <strong>book</strong>-<strong>to</strong><strong>mark<strong>et</strong></strong>ratio. The expected re<strong>la</strong>tions b<strong>et</strong>ween these measures of the <strong>performance</strong> and <strong>book</strong>-<strong>to</strong><strong>mark<strong>et</strong></strong>ratio are confirmed overall. Thus, <strong>book</strong>-<strong>to</strong>-<strong>mark<strong>et</strong></strong> ratio can be interpr<strong>et</strong>ed as a measureof the not-<strong>performance</strong> of the firms.Keywords: fac<strong>to</strong>r mo<strong>de</strong>l, <strong>book</strong>-<strong>to</strong>-<strong>mark<strong>et</strong></strong> ratio, MVA, Sharpe ratio, Tobin's Q ratio, firm <strong>performance</strong>.JEL Co<strong>de</strong> : G12 Ass<strong>et</strong> Pricing2

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