Premiers - Outil de Suivi des Contrats
Premiers - Outil de Suivi des Contrats Premiers - Outil de Suivi des Contrats
Annexe IV _____________________________________________ Temperature (°C) 34 32 30 A 28 26 24 22 34 32 30 B 28 26 24 22 34 32 30 C 28 26 24 22 34 32 30 D 28 26 24 22 0 2 4 6 8 10 Days Figure 1. Temperature profiles used in laboratory incubation of eggs, described for a 10-days period. These regimes were repeated in loop until hatching, as A: constant incubation regime at 28.9°C; B, C and D: 24-hours fluctuating regimes, respectively defined as 29±3°C, 28.5±5°C and 28.5±1.5°C. 29
TURTLE, AN EXOTIC AND INTRODUCED SPECIES IN FRANCE: FIRST RESULTS CONCERNING THEIR COLONIZING CAPACITIES Abstract ___________________________________________________________________ The red-eared slider turtle (Trachemys scripta elagans) is an aquatic species native to North America. Since the early 1970s, thousands of juvenile slider turtles, so-called “dwarf-turtles”, have been sold worldwide as pets. In the European Community, importation of red-eared sliders has been forbidden since 1997. Turtles rapidly became cumbersome when they reached adult size and well-intentioned people released them in natural ponds. Today, in France, this species is observed in many aquatic ecosystems and in all French administrative departments. This species seems to be well acclimated to local conditions and is already designated as an invasive species, without any scientific evidence. During my PhD, I investigated the capacity of red-eared slider turtle populations to establish themselves in French natural environments. Establishment of an introduced species, a key step inherent to the invasion process, underlies that this turtle must be able to successfully breed to enable population turn-over. Particularly, I studied environmental influences, especially the influence of climatic conditions, on different factors that may limit establishment of these introduced populations. Thus, I developed a new mechanistic model to predict sex-ratios of clutches in natural conditions (i.e. the sex of the embryo is influenced by incubation temperature in this turtle species). I also studied, through experimental approaches, the influence of temperature and water potential within the nest on hatching success, incubation length of the eggs and quality of juveniles. My first results showed that the redeared slider turtle might be a good candidate to colonize natural environments in France. However, the pattern of the release of these turtles and their reproduction might be strong barriers to invasion of this species. Key-words: introduced species; biological invasion; red-eared slider; TSD ___________________________________________________________________ Address of laboratory ________________________________________________________________ Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution Département Ecologie des Populations et des Communautés UMR 8079, bât. 362 Université Paris-Sud XI (Orsay) 91405 ORSAY CEDEX
- Page 191 and 192: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 193 and 194: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 195 and 196: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 197 and 198: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 199 and 200: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 201 and 202: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 203 and 204: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 205 and 206: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 207 and 208: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 209 and 210: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 211 and 212: Annexe III ________________________
- Page 213 and 214: ANNEXE IV THE RIGHTING RESPONSE AS
- Page 215 and 216: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 217 and 218: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 219 and 220: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 221 and 222: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 223 and 224: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 225 and 226: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 227 and 228: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 229 and 230: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 231 and 232: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 233 and 234: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 235 and 236: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 237 and 238: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 239 and 240: Annexe IV _________________________
- Page 241: Annexe IV _________________________
Annexe IV<br />
_____________________________________________<br />
Temperature (°C)<br />
34<br />
32<br />
30<br />
A<br />
28<br />
26<br />
24<br />
22<br />
34<br />
32<br />
30<br />
B<br />
28<br />
26<br />
24<br />
22<br />
34<br />
32<br />
30<br />
C<br />
28<br />
26<br />
24<br />
22<br />
34<br />
32<br />
30<br />
D<br />
28<br />
26<br />
24<br />
22<br />
0 2 4 6 8 10<br />
Days<br />
Figure 1. Temperature profiles used in laboratory incubation of eggs, <strong>de</strong>scribed for a 10-days<br />
period. These regimes were repeated in loop until hatching, as A: constant incubation regime<br />
at 28.9°C; B, C and D: 24-hours fluctuating regimes, respectively <strong>de</strong>fined as 29±3°C,<br />
28.5±5°C and 28.5±1.5°C.<br />
29
Change language