.Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris

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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Riv~sta Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti ,French-built nuclear reactor in June 1981. Had that action not been taken it is virtually certain that Iraq by now would be a nuclear weapon state and ,quite possibly before their 1990 invasion of Kuwait. France was within weeks of supplying uranium to the reactor. Ifthe reactor had gone critical, any future bOqJ.bing would have risked radiation clouds over Baghdad. Jordan àlso holds the key to creating stabilising links to Palestine on the West Bank. A countrY'in which over 80% are Palestinians is being skil- ' fully led l?YKing Abdullah. Indeed, Jordan could beconie the first truly democratic Arab state with the king becoming a constitutional monarch while perhaps' holding special powers over the army. Iraq and Palestine could follow. ,While there are grave risks involved in once more gomg to war with Iraq, they weigh less heavily in the balance against the enormous opportunities for peace and stability which the aftermath of , any successful war offers in the Middle East, Th maximise ,those opportunities, George ; Bush and Tony Blair must . not seek to profit at the expense of France and Russia, either politically or commercially over Iraqi oil, simply because they have not been prepared to fully participate either in the containment ofSaddam Hussein or his defeat. Probably neither country will veto another security council resolution. President Putin is pragmatically moving towards the US position but is unlikely to participate militarily. President Chirac will keep his options open. As for Chancellor Schröder, he has locked , Germany into not participating even if the UN supports action. We will need the help of the EU as well as Islamic ,countries in the post-war ,period'and fortunately many arè privately supportive. Iraq has demonstrated to the UKwhat we should have learneq over the premature recognition of Croatia: that we cannot accept in the EU any system where we can be outvoted in the common foreign and security policy. Issues of peace and war are for each individual nation to debate and decide. Lord Owen was Labour foreign secretary from 1977- '79 and co-founded the SDP in 1981. comment@guardian.co.uk -J :Americans in talks .on Turkish troops Plan would allow Ankara's forces to go into north Iraq, but Kurds are balking By Dexter Filkins with C. J. Chivers The New York TImes ANKARA: American diplomats are engaged in delicate negotiations to allow tens of thousands of Thrkish soldiers to move in and occupy northern Iraq behind an advancing Anierican Army, officials said here Thursday. The plan, which is being hammered out in closed-door meetings in the Thrkish capital, is being vigorously resisted by the leaders of Iraq's Kurdish groups, 'who fear that Thrkey's leaders may be trying to realize a historic desire to dominate the region in a postwar Iraq without Saddam Hussein. The Kurdish officials say they fear that a military intervention by the , Thrks could prompt a similar move by , the Iranian Army into the region as vvelL ' American diplomats and senior mil- . itary leaders, led by President George w. Bush's special envoy, Zalmay, : Khalilzad, are said to be pushing the Kurdish' leaders to accept Thrkey's plans despite their objections. , American officials, who have strongly supported the autonomous Kurdish region in Iraq over the past de- , cade, are at the same time trying to secure the permission ofThrkey's leaders to use the country's bases for an attack intoIraq. A deal betvveen the AmericanS and the Thrks moved a step closer to fruition Thursday when the Thrkish Parliament, in a session barrçd to the public, voted to allow American engineers to begin preparing Thrkish military bases for possible use by American troops. The prospect of a massive Thrkish intervention in northern Iraq raises the prospect of ethnic confliet between the two historic enemies. The Thrks, who controlled the region during the days of .the Ottoman Empire: have spent the past decade quelling a bloody Kurdish insurgency within their own borders. They have sought assurances from American officials that the toppling of Saddam's government will not lead to the establishment of a Kurdish state on their borders. ' "We have told the Americans and the Thrks that any outside intervention would not be welcomed," said Safeen Dizayee, an official with the Iraq-based Kurdish Democratic Party who is taking part in the talks. "I hope it would not get out of control. But it could be suicidal to get into something like this if it undermine political stability." A Turkish government official, speaking on the condition of anonymity, confirmed that his government was planning to send troops into northern Iraq in numbers that would be greater , than those dispatched by the Ameri- : cans. He said that the troops would not take part in combat against the Iraqis, but would rather se~k to prevent the emergence of a Kurdish state in northern Iraq. The official said that the Thrkish forces could also keep in check any re-emergence of the Kurdish guerrillas who operated in southeastern Thrkey during the 1990s. . , The official made it clear that the , "Thrkish troops ~ould aetto protect themselves if they were attacked. ' "Thrkey's troops will not fight," the 'Thrkish official said. "They are not trigger happy. They are not looking to start something. Even if they are fired on, they will act with restraint. But if things get out 'of control, you know Thrkish soldiers, they will gain the upper hand." In remarks Wednesday to a group of Turkish newspaper reporters, the Thrkish prime minister, Abdullah GuI, was quoted as saying that his government was preparing to send a large military force in the region. The sizeof each projected military force - American and Thrkish- is still unclear. Western diplomats say that American officials have sought to base as many as 80,000 military personnel in Turkey for an attack on Iraq, but that they scaled back their initial request. In negotiations Thursday, Dizayee said, the Thrkish officials stated that they wanted Turkish forces to outnumber American ones by a ratio cif2 to 1. As a war in Iraq has loomed larger, Thrkey'~ leaders have taken steps to ensure agalDst a repeat of the Gulf War in 'IQ91, when southeastern Thrkey was swamped by a half million Kurdish refugees who were fleeing Iraq's relentless attacJ4;s.Thrkish officials say that Reuters' Prime Minister Gui said Thursday that he still held out hopes for a peaceful solution. 16
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti mixed in with the refugees were hundreds pro-Kurdish guerrillas, whom the Turkish military has been battling ever since. To prevent that sort of the thing from happening again, Turkey's leaders had already considered sending troops to a narrow strip across northern Iraq to block refugees from crossing the border. Kurdish officials here say that the new Turkish plans appear to go much further, envisioning troops across the iégion. Some 1,200 Turkish troops are already operating in parts of northern ,'Iraq, mainly to hunt down pro"Kurdish guerrillas who might be trying to operate in Turkey. , Dizayee, tb,e Kurdish official, called the various Turkish rationales lor intervention "pretexts." Like many Kurdish leaders, Dizayee expressed pride in the democratic institutions and public àdministration, the Kurds have built during the 12 years of autonomy they have enjoyed in nortlJ.ern Iraq. He expressed dismay at the prospect that those institutions might be swamped by an American-led military attack. "We think these democratic institutions have set a precedent for the rest of Iraq," Dizayee said. "If they were undermined, it would reflect badlyon the whole operation. ri ' The American-led negotiations unfolding in Ankara appear to be focused on choreographing the simultaneous entry ofAmerican combat troops and ''lUrkish soldiers into northern Iraq. One Kurdish official, speaking on the condition ,of anonymity, said that Khalilzad had called the meeting to give each group its final set of marching orders for the war. There were signs that the negotiations, scheduled to continued Thursday, were not going as smoothly as the Americans had hoped. One senior official with the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan, speaking on the condition of anonymity, said that his, group was eagerly anticipating the arrival of American soldiers, but not that of the Turks. "We regard America as liberators," the official said.. "and our' neighbors as loote,rs." r Bush urges the UN to make a decision President pushes for war resolution; France says there is still an alternative, • arescheduled to meet with Iraqi offi- By Joel Bnnkley cials over the weekend to discuss their The New York TImes ' clear public concern that Iraqi compliance with lastautumn's UN resolution callingfor disarmament has been inad- , equate. After that, they are to report to the Security Council on Feb. 14,which ,now appears to be a critical day. Jean- David Levitte, the French ambassador to Washington, said France would nöt make up its mind about whether to alter its position until after that report. "We want more active cooperation," he said. "We'll see on the 14th where we are; and we'll decide together what are the next steps." In the meantime, WASHINGTON: Turning up the heat on Iraq, President George W. Bush on Friday worked to persuade reluctant members of the Security Council to support a new resolution authorizing war, but he made no apparent headway with the French. "The UN Security Council has got to make up its mind soon as to whether or not 'its word means anything," Bush said at a swearing in ceremony Friday morning for his new Treasury secretary, John Snow. "This is a defining moment for the UN Security Council." But Jacques Chirac, the French president, speaking on French television, said, "There's still an alternative to war. It's the responsibility of each member of the Security Council to explore all the possibilities to the end." Al: the same time Friday, the United States ordered another aircraft carrier to I~q, the.fifth,and military officials ,said American forces in the region now . numbered 113,000,enough to carry out' an attack in concert with an air assault, officials said. On Thursday afternoon, the army's 10lst Airborne Division, the ' military's largest air assault unit, re-, ceived orders to send more than 15,000 troops and nearly,300 combat helicopters to the Gulf. , Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, visiting American troops at a base in Italy, said he did not expect any war with Iraq to last long. "It is-not knowable how long tha~ conflict would last," Rumsfeld said. "It could lastsix days, six weeks. I doubt six months." "U:ni~ Nations weilI>Q,D!l inspecto~ Levitte said, speaking to the United State Institute of Peace, a governmentfùnded research group, "let's have the inspectors do their job." But Bush appears to have made up his mind already. Speaking of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi president, he said, "If he wanted to disarm, he would have disarmed" already. , Saddam, headdèd,has "treated the demands ~fthe world, as a joke~", . , Bush spoke by phone to two members ,Qf the Security Council who remain recalcitrant, in his view: France and China. Neither' offered him much solace. Speaking to Jiang Zemin; the Chinese president, Bush was told that China, like France, wanted to give the weapons inspectors more time, the Xinhua news agency reported. Later Friday, Bush spoke to Chirac, who told him that they share a common . objective, disarming Iraq. Still, Chirac added, "we can disarm Saddam Hussein without going to war," his spokesman reported after the phone calL Both France and China hQld the power to veto any new Security ÇouncU resolution to authorize war. Britain has suggested it will offer one next week. Almost every French official with responsibility in this area took the opportunity to speak out against war Friday. Jean-Marc de la Sabliere, the French ambassador to the United Nations, said that "the time has not come" for another resolution. ' Rumsfeld took a slap at the French Friday, suggesting that it was Paris's policy to be contrary. ' . "They are frequently recalcitrant about a lot of things," he said in an in~ terview with the Chicago television station WFLD, made public by the Penta- , gon on Friday. "Any given day or week, their role in NATO, they seem to be the country that disagrees ,with a lot of other countries." Speaking to reporters at the White House on Thursday evening, Bush seemed not terribly concerned about the opposition he is facing from France' and other countries. "The United States, along with a growing coalition of nations is resolved ' to take whatever action is necessary to defend ourselves and disarm the Iraqi regime," he said, adding that he expected Saddam to begin another round of "empty concessions and transparently false denials." "No doubt he will playa last-minute game of deception," Bush said. Secretary of State Colin Powell's speech to the Security Council on Wednesday,laying out intelligence evidence against Iraq, was effective among the American public, several opinion polls have found. They showed that the number of Americans who support the idea of war has increased in the last 48 hours. Thm Daschle, the Senate Democratic leader, seemed to fall in behind the president Friday when he said "the game is over" for Saddam, adding that Bush's comments "put Saddam Hussein on notice and sent a message to the United Nations that if they are going to act, they have to act soon." In Baghdad on Friday, Agence France-Presse reported, the United States said it would close its last remaining diplomatic station in Iraq, the American interest section housed in the Polish Embassy. 17
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