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Revue de Presse-Press Revzew-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti qui se. lèvent pour al/er se faire exécuter. Cette vidéo a 'ouvert les mannes du pétrole à la France plus qu'à guerre,soit.maisilfautaussi se souvenirque lerégime traine à la maison depuis des années! [Ellea été redif~tout autre pays. Et la France est le seul pays démocra- baasiste est responsable de la mortde plusd'un mil- 'fusée le lundi17févrierdernieren ouverture.exception-tique qui alt accepté de I/vrer deux opposants chiites à Iiand.epersonnes.• Aufinal, affirmeHoshmandOthnelle- du magazined'OlivierMazerolle,100 minutes Bagda.d en .1986[auxdébuts de lacohabitationChirac- ma~~'J.:ai l'impression que les Français ont un peu oublié pou; comprendre, NDLR.]Quand]e pense à ces vingt M~tterr?ndet da.nsdes circo~n~ troubles,quise- qui était Saddam et ne se lèvent que contre Washingdernières années, où personne ne nou.s écoutait, où. raientliéesà I~II~érationdes otages françaisau Liban, ton •... Ala veilledes manifestationspacifistesquiont l'on nous disait "Mais non, Saddam n'est pas un dic- NDLRl.. J'attends. le jour où un journaliste posera"cette , eu lieupartoutà travers lemonde,SalamJawadconfiait: tateur, c'est l'ami de la France, il est contre l'Iran".. question :,au :egard d~ droit i~ternati?na/, ia France • Je suis contente que les gens manifestent pour la paix, PourHoshmandOthman,-globalement, lesjoumallstes est~lIe compilce ?'oRaidFahmlcomplete:. Dans les mais j'espère une chose, c'est que demain j'entende .des télés françaises n'expliquent pas objectivement reportages, les intérets français sont mentionnés, mais autant de slogans contre Saddam que contre Bush. »A la position de ta France à i'heure actuelle. Re/ève-t~lIe on n:approfondit pas. On parle de "lobbySaddam", mais Paris,tout au longdu cortège de deuxcent milleper- '.J d'un amour ardent pour ia paix, ou existe-t-il d'autres on n enquête pas. Pourtant, on voit bien qui parten Irak, sonnes, une oreille attentive aura constaté que les raiso,!s ? On pose souvent l'équation "l'Amérique veut 1/ y a des avions affrétés avec des députés, des séna- Slogansles plusfréquemment entendus furent dans ie pétrble, Saddam doit partir", mais rarement celfe-
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti .TIME FEBRUARY24,2003 Wendell Steavenson/Qum .A Dissident Ayatollah. .Gets Out of the House After years of house arrest, Hossein Ali Montazeri is again free to speak his mind. SOME 120 KM SOUTH OF . Tehran,in the brown . salt desèrt called Kavir, lies the spiritual heart of Iran's Islamic revolution: Qum, a dusty oasis of pine trees and tens of thousands of Shi'ite seminary students. A few streets away from the blue . domes of the Shrine of Hazrat Massoumeh is the horrie of Grand Ayatullah HosseinAIi . Montazeri, where last week crowds of visitors, mullahs, sympathetic M.P.sand journalists waited to see the 81-yearold dissident after his release from five years of house arrest. The isolation had been hard. "Our human nature needs exchange with other human beings;' Montazeri said to wellwishers. "Being under house arrest is against the very nature ofhuman beings:' A few days later, the Ayatullahsuffered a mild heart attack and his energy seems diminished. Once the anointed successor to Ayatullah Khomeini, Montazeri was dismissed in 1989 for speaking out against the execution of political opponents. He was placed under house arrest in 1997 after questioning the religious credentials of the man who had replaced Khomeini, Supreme Leader Ayatullah Ali Khamenei. Today, manyof Qum's clerical establishment share Montazeri's frustration with the country's hard-line religious government, which has damaged public respect for clerics as a whole. In a lane not far from the Ayatullah's home, graffiti declares: "Death . to the Clerical regime and Khamenei for stealing smiles!" But Montazeri arouses opposition too. While hundreds gathered to welcome the freed cleric, another crowd passed out leaflets denouncing him. Starting with his opposition to the Shah in the 1960s through his leading role in the 1979revolution and ultimate disaffection with its excesses, Montazeri has been a potent force in Iranian politics. "Montazeri is the last of the generation of clergy who had .revolutionary credibility combined with scholastic competence;' says Hadi Semati of Tehran University. According to Emadeddin Baqi, a former student of Montazeri's who was . just released from prison for writing articles that linked the authorities to assassinations in the late '90s, the Ayatullah's years in jail under the Shah helped shape his politics. "He was in a public cell with . Marxists;' Baqi says. "He lived like them. He developed FREE:Montazeri, right, is lionized by Iran's reformers but reviled by conservatives, below "By refono, we mean the implementation FROM I RAN tolerance for the opposition." Before his heart attack, Mont8zeri said, "The revolution promised people things ,likefreedom of speech. So why take this from the pèople? When we say'reform; we mean the .implementation of the promises of the . revolution." During his confinement, Montazeri vöiced his opinions through a privately published book, but mention of his name or ideas in the media .was prohibited. Montazeri has sùggested that the Supreme Leader's role should be folded into that of the President, who would be elected every five years. Regarding the supervisory Guardian Council, currently controlled by hardline clerics, his ideas are less clear. "The existence of the . Guardian Coi.mcilis not bad;' says Ahmad Montazeri ofhis father's views. "The problem is it works accOrding to peoplés tastes .and not the law:' Whether Montazeri can still be a force for change is uncertain: In a bookshop outside the shrine where pilgrims purchase their Qum souvenirs-baked earth tablets from the Iraqi holy cities of Naj~ and Karbala, prayer beads and pistachio brittle-the proprietor explains that he doesn't have any books by Montazeri. 'We were under pressure not to sell any;' he says. "Now that hés free, perhaps we will be able to. But there's a rumor they only let him out because he will die soon:' • of the promises of the revolution." 105
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