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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti Facing Predicament Over Iraqi Weapons, Busn'-Warns- Saaûa-rn - By Eric Schmitt and Steven Lee Myers ,New 'fork Times Service WASHINGTON - The Bush administration has warned Iraq to honor agreements to destroy,);ts nuclear, chemical and biological wëapons programs, but the White House has said that it is too soon to say what steps it will take to ensure Baghdad's compliance. Responding to a report Monday that Iraq had rebuilt a series of factories long suspected of producing chemical and biological weapons, the White House press secretary Ari Fleischer, said, "The president expects Saddam Hussein to live up to the agreements that he's made with the United Nations, espeCially regarding the elimination of Weapons of mass destruction." , But when asked how and when the administration' would help resume internationàl inspectioQs of suspected weaponssites ~d factop~s, Mr. Fleischer sàid,"I'm not prepared to address mat today, but we will." . Nearlya decade after . Presl~~l)t Qeorge W. Bush's father led a coahtl~n th~' ousted Iraqi forces from Kuwait, Iraq is one of the most daunting and persistent fore~gn-pol~cy p~oblems left behind by PreSident B1l1Clmton. Mr. Bûsh and his national security ,advisers - including Colin Powell, now secretary of state, and Vice President Dick Cheney, who both confronted Iraq as top defense officials 10 years ago - have talked tough about Mr. Saddam. But as they enter office, it is not clear that t)ley have better options than Mr. Cijpton bad.' mtemationlÙ support for tough enforcement of sanctions has, waned, while Mr. Saddam has eased his diplomatic isolation, making it difficult to re-energize the sanction regime'. If Mr. Bush pursues a more aggressive strategy, including tbe use .of military force, his administration is likely to find, few allies, despite ev~dence that Iraq has ,-resumed its covert work on "deadly weapons. As a condition of ending the, Gulf Warin 1991, Iiaq agreed to destroy, its nuclear, chemical and biological weapons programs, as well as stop the production of long-range missiles to de~ liver to such weapons. \ ' But,since the mid-1998, Iraq has barred any meaningful inspections by teams of United Nations speèialists, who since the end of the war had uncovereù and destroyed large quantities of weapons an.d found out secret programs to create biological and chemical weapons. "The challenge is larger than a lot of people suspect," sàid Representative Porter Goss, the Florida Republican who heads the House Intelligence Committee. "To say we've lost our eyes and ears in Iraq is true. " Despite his repeated criticisms ofMr. Clinton 's handling ofIraq, Ml. Bush and his aides have yet to detail a new ap- ~proach. Clearly, constraining Mr. Sado dam's weapons programs is at the core of the new administration's policy. Ml. Powell said last week: "His only tool, the only thing he can scare us with, are those weapons of mass destruction. And we have to hold him to account. " The president' and his top advisers 'have said that they will reinvigorate the :economic sanctions against Iraq, con- ,.vince skeptical allies of their value, and ' somehow spare Iraqi children from the brunt of their effect. ' , Richard BoUcher, theState Department spokesman, sairlMonday: "The most important thing is to maintain the éore sanctions, The key sanctions that do Qlake it more difficult and prevent Iraq 'fl'om rebuilding its weapons programs, particularly its weapons of mass deo struction. On that, I think we have very solid agreement. " But even some advisers to Ml. Bush question that approach. "Re-energizing sanctions is a mistake, " said Richard Perle, a foreignpolicy adviser to, Mr. Bush during the campaign. "Ten years'later, they're an obvious failure. " The new administration also supports an' Iraqi opposition whose goal is to 'topple Mr. Saddam. Aides to Mr. Bush contend that the Clinton administration never wholly supported the plan, which only undermined its credibility among allies in Europe and the Middle East. Although Mr. Clinton signed the Iraq Liberation Act in the fall of 1998, authorizing $98 million in military aid and equipment, the administration proyided very little in the end and explicitly re" fused to provide any weapons. The Bush administration has not ruled out bombing suspected weapons sites as a last resort. Ml. Cheney said in the vice presidential debate in October: "If in fact Saddam Hussein were taking steps to try to rebuild nutlear capability or weapons of mass destruction.we'd have to give very serious consideration to military action to stop that activity." ." SyriaOpens a Pipeline To Illegal Baghdad Oil Clandestine Exports Line Saddam's Pockets, Violating UNBan and Testing U.S.Resolve , By Robin Wright , Los Angeles Times Service WASHINGTON - In a major test for the Bush administration's new foreign. policy team, Syria has opened a key pipeline to Baghdad'soil, a scheme that generates at least $2 million daily in illicit funds for the regime of the Iraqi ' president, Saddam Hussein, accörding to senior U.S. officials, Mideast diplomats and oil experts. The smuggl.i.llgoperation: launched in mid-November, is now the largest source of independent income for Baghdad, according to oil experts. It also represents one of the most flagrant vi- , olations yet of United Nations sanctions impo~ed because of Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990. On a broader level, the scheme re.flects ambitious political agendas in both Iraq and Syria, U.S. officials and Mideast diplomats say. By offering oil price ,dis-, counts of up to 50 percent, Iraq is trying to lure neighboring countries such as Syria into secret pacts that will create a long-term economic dependency. "This allows Saddam to expand his influence in the region in pernicious ways," said a senior U.S. official. "Poorer countries get hooked on lower oil prices at a time they need help economically. " Illegal oil shipments are already flowing by land through Turkey and Jordan and via Iran's sea-lanes, but they are "nickel-and-dime operations" compared with the Syrian route, the official said. , The operations to Turkey and Iran are , slow, logistically difficult and çostly due to transfers on both land and sea and heavy bribery along the way, on top of 96
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti -. priee discounts, U:S., Mideast and öil' sources say. The 835-ltilometer (552-mile) Syrian pipeline, which runs from Iraq's northern Kirkuk oil fields to the Mediterranean port of Baniyas, is much more cost-efficient, thus allowing Iraq to pocket higher profits, oil analysts say. Mr. Saddam 's plans have now lured to his side two of the most important coun: tries to participate in Operation Desert Storm a decade ago. Syria dispatched troops and Turkey still provides a base for U.S. warplanes. But the illicit oil shipments have continued for so long and reached such volume that the Turks recently built a terminal on the other side of the border to receive the oil trucks, oil analysts say. •'These are important elements in Iraq's effort to. erode and ultimately bring about the collapse of UN sanctions, particularly UN control of Iraq's oil revenues," said James Placke, a former U.S.' diplomat in Iraq now with Cambridge Energy Research Associates. "Saddam wants to get his hands on the money'to show that UN oversight isn't working and isn't worth the effort." The new Syrian operation is already carrying about 150,000 barrels a day, producing income that goes straight into Mr. Saddam's pockets rather than to the United Nations "oil for food" program, the sources report. The capacity of this section of the pipeline is 200,000 barrels a day. But there are questions about whether the pipeline, which was damaged during the 1991 Gulf War, can transport at full capacity. ~o cover the Iraqi' origins of the oil, Syna has begun using much of the Iraqi oil for domestic consumption and exporting more of its own, oil analysts say. Besides getting cheaper oil - a boon to its troubled economy - Syria has its own political motive, related to the Arab-Israeli peace process. U.S. officials and Mideast diplomats believe that authorities in Damascus want to send a message to the outside world, ~ar:tïcularly the United States. about abldmg by UN resolutions: Syria should not be expected to comply with sanctions on Iraq while the world is doing little about an earlier resolution that calls for Israel to withdraw from the Golan Heights, the strategic plateau that Israel captured from Syria in 1967. ~ o N a:; W :> z~ 1.0 N o w a:; o z w> w ozo::!: w oJ Turquie: le chef de la police de Diyarbakir assassiné, sans doute par un groupe islamiste ISTANBUL de notre correspondante Le chef de la police de Diyarbakir, Gaffar Okkan, et cinq autres policiers ont été abattus, mercredi 24janvier, par des assaillants non identifiés. Plusieurs tireurs masqués ont ouvert le feu à l'arme automatique contre un convoi de police près de l'enceinte du quartier général des forces de l'ordre à Diyarbakir (sud-est du pays). Un cordon de sécurité a immédiatement été déployé dans la ville où vivent environ un million et demi d'habitants, en majorité kurdes. Des hélicoptères ont été utilisés, sans succès, pour tenter de trouver les fugitifs. L'\H1d'entre eux aurait été blessé au cours de l'attaque. Bien que l'attentat n'ait pas été revendiqué, les autorités ont fait sa~ voir que l'organisation radicale islamiste Hizbullah pourrait en être responsable. «Il est évident que certaines personnes en Thrquie ne peuvent pas supporter la paix et que l'ordre les dérange », a déclaré le premier ministre Bülent Ecevit. « Leur identité n'est pas claire pour l'instant, mais les ennemis de la paix et de l'ordre n'atteindront pas leur but. » L'attaque a pris la Thrquie par surprise. Pendant de longues années, Diyarbakir, la capitale du Sud-Est anatolien, avait été presque quotidiennement le théâtre d'événements violents alors que les forces gouvernementales et le PKKs'affrontaient. Mais depuis l'arrestation du dirigeant du PKK,Abdullah Öcalan, en février 1999, suivie par un cessez-le-feu unilatéral des militants kurdes, le calme était revenu dans la ville. Le groupe radical islamiste Hizbullah, apparu au milieu des années 90, était cependant encore actif. ISLAMISTES ANTIKURDES L'opinion publique turque avait découvert le Hizbullah en janvier 2000 lorsque la police avait lancé l'assaut contre une villa dans la banlieue d'Istanbul où se cachait le responsable du mouvement, Huseyin Velioglu. Ce dernier avait trouvé la mort au cours de l'opération. Mais la capture de plusieurs de ses fidèles avait permis de démanteler un vaste réseau de militants. Les aveux de certains membres du Hizbullah avaient également mené les enquêteurs à des découvertes macabres. Des dizaines de corps de personnes exécutées par le groupe, souvent après avoir été torturées, avaient été trouvés ensevelis aux quatre coins du pays. Parmi les victimes de l'organisation figurait notamment Konca Kuris, une islamiste connue pour ses vues féministes, enlevée plusieurs mois auparavant. Le Hizbullah avait ouvert la guerre contre le PKK. De nombreux militants et sympathisants des séparatistes kurdes avaient été abattus. Des rumeurs avaient alors circulés sur les liens possibles entre cette organisation et l'Etat turc puisque tous deux luttaient contre le même ennemi. Les autorités avaient démenti toute collusion avec ce mouvement. L'enquête menée par la police avait permis d'apprendre que ce mouvement armé est particulièrement bien organisé et qu'il compte quelque 20 000 militants. Apparemment, les forces de l'ordre se préparaient à lancer un nouvel assaut contre des dirigeants du groupe à Diyarbakir afin de porter un coup fatal à l'organisation. Le chef de police Gaffar Okkan figurait sur des listes de personnes à abattre découvertes au cours de raids policiers. Il avait en effet joué un rôle important dans l'enquête ayant permis de mieux connaître l'organisation. Il semble que le Hizbullah ait pris les devants. Nicole Pope 97
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