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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti Mter Saddam • By Nicholas D. Kristof Iraqi democracy is a pipe dream KUWAIT of theruling Sabah c1an,it is also a Listen to the hawks after a few family-run venture that falls well glasses of wine and you might short ofbeing a full-fledged democrabe seduced into thinking that cy. . after overthrowing Saddam In the immediate aftermath of the Hussein, we Americans are going to Gu1fWar, the fmt Bush administration turn Iraq into a flourishing democracy. leaned on the Sabahs, and the result But I'm afraid it's a pipe dream, a was a restoration of a Parliament that marketing ploy to sell a war. . the emir had dissolved in 1986. The We haven't even been able to nur- Parliament has since grown more imture full democracy in modern, bust- portant, with members periodically 1i1ig Kuwait, where women still can- trying to do their best to embarrass not vote, or in Saudi Arabia, which is cabinet members in the fmest tradition more egalitarian - where neither of democratic i'ule. But the United men nor women can vote. I had a nice States soon lost interest in prodding insight into the limits of democracy in the Sabah family, and so 11years after Kuwait the other night when I was at the war progress has been modest the palatial home of a Kuwaiti sheikh. Then there's Iraq. A central chal- A .cell phone rang, and my hosts lenge is that democracy would effecbeamed and informed me of the arrest . tively take power from the 16 percent of Mohammed Mulaifl, a young gov- Sunni Muslim minority that has alernm:ent official who had been quoted ways run Iraq and hand it to the 60 in The New York Times a few days percent Shiite population, and this earlier as gushing sympathetically transfer could be very bloody. about two terrorists who had shot an "You can't expect to have a real de- . American marine to death and mocracy in Iraq, such as we're dreamwounded another. I asked the sheikh ing 01;" notes Abdullah Sahar, a politicwhat the charges were against Mu- al scientist at Kuwait University. BuildlaifL . ing a democracy in Kuwait is "very Speaking too openly to'an American easy," he says, compared with doing the journalist? Insulting the Great Father same in Iraq. (Perhaps it's a bit odd for Across the Sea? the not entirely democratic Kuwaitis to The arrest underscored the risks of scoff at prospects for democracy in expressing a dissident view publicly at their neighbor, but most do So.) a time when Kuwait was shocked and Even if we could fmd an Iraqi verembarrassed by the killing of the mar- sion of Hamid Karzai (no, no, Ahmed . ine. The episode is a reminder that Chalabi, don't leave London yet), and while Kuwait is one of the freest coun- even if Iraq were ready for democracy, tries in the Gulf region, with a lively there would be another huge obstacle press that dares scold e~n members - the neighbors. "There will not be a democracy in Iraq, not a real democraCy," said Mohammed Jassem, editor of the newspaper Al Watan in Kuwait "That would mean allowing a Shiite state. America and the GUlf countries cannot afford that." The rise of a Shiite state in Iraq could strengthEm Iran and lead to èlashes with Shiite minorities in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and other countries, he warned. Actually,. it seems to me that the risks of democracy are smaller than the risks of military rule. But that may be academic, because odds are that the neighboring governments would do their best to block popular rule from ever emerging in Iraq. Kuwaiti rulers seem to think, based on assurances from U.S. officials, that Shiite domination is potentially so destabilizing that democracy is not even an option for Iraq. As Kuwait sees it, the possibilities range from a Tommy Franks viceroyalty to the. installation of a Sunni Hashemite king, some relative of Jordan's King Abdullah II. Jordan already seems to be quietly lobbying for this outcome. "Democracy is just not in the cards there," one Kuwaiti official said. Of course, even a nicer tyrant - Saddam Lite - would be a huge improvement for the Iraqis. But I'm afraid that the prattle about creating a democratic modelon the Tigris is just a shrewd White House marketing attempt to bait and switch. 1be New York TImes N o N LW c::: r:l:l o I- U o o '" AMNISTIE Changement de tactique L '"amnistie générale" qui vient d'être décrétée par Saddam Hussein pour les Irakiens détenus ou condamnés pour des crimes de droit cômmun et pOurdes raisons politiques est loin de convaincre les observateurs que l'on assiste à un changement du régime irakien en matière d~ droits de l'homme, A peine' le décret promulgué et les images de prisonniers libérés apparues sur le petit écran, l'opposition irakienne affichait son scepticisme. Pour Ezzedine~I-Majid, le cousin exilé de Saddam Hus.. sein, "personne ne peut ga'!lntir que les opposants politiques en exil de retour ~ Bagdad ne seront pas exécutés", C'est ce qu'il a déclaré à Al Hayat, faisant allusional,lXdeuxgendres déser: teurs de SaddamHussein assassinés dès leur retour à Bagdad, alors que le dictateur irakien leur avait pourtant promis la vie sauve. Cette amnistie survient juste, après la déclaration du vice- Premier ministre irakien Tarek Alii faite la semaine .demière à Beyrouth: "Nous avons commis l'erreur d'entrer en conflit avec les mouvements nationalistes. de gauche ou islamistes, et nous n'avons pas suffisamment prêté attention ~ notre ennemi commun que sont les forces impérialistes et sionistes. " La réplique de l'opposition irakienne ne s'est pas fait attendre. Dans les colonnes d'An Nahar, plusieurs opposants notent que èet "aveu est bien tardif et ne résulte pas de sérieuses cqnvictions". Il est vrai qu'en matière de répression l'Irak détient l'un des plus tristes records du monde. Le régime ne sévit pas' s~ulement contre les opposants, mais aussi contre le~rs familles. Amnesty International elte les cas de 56 femines . décapitées en 2001, "probablement en raison de leur parenté avec des opposants". Dans un long reportage sur les réfugiés irakiens en Jordanie, le Jordan T;;nes raconte comment Jutyar al-Sallhi, frère du sosie du fils dè Sadd~m Hussein, a été kidnappé'au cœur d'Amman par les services secrets irakiens et ramené à Bagdad. .~ .86
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti La société laïque que soutenaient les Occidentaux contre l'Iran n'existe plus Saddam impose l'islamisation à marche forcée s' Bagdad: de notre envoyée spéciale Isabelle Lasserre rement l'imam. Régime laïc fonqé sur les prin~ cipes du parti Baas Oij).erté, unité, socialisme}, seul pays arabe de la région à avoir résisté à J'influence du wahhabisme saoudien, soutenu par l'Occident ciles et légèrement vêtues. A l'époque, se souvient un Irakien nostalgique, «Bagdad, avec ses boîtes de nuit, son Moulin- Rouge et son esprit de fête. concurrençait Beyrouth. C'était . la perle du monde arabe ». Aujourd'hui les mosquées ont remplacé les cabarets. Il s'en construit dans chaque ville.dans chaque province. Saddam Hussein a lancé ses architectes sur Avec ses quatre minarets qui ressemblent à des missiles Scud contre le khomeynisme iranien, et son bassin épousant les J'Irak a longtemps fait figure de formes du monde arabe, la mos- . modèle de tolérance et d'ouverquée Um Al Maarik (
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