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Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris

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Revue <strong>de</strong> Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro <strong>de</strong> la Prensa-Basm Oz<strong>et</strong>i<br />

Ba'ath ~arty's domination of the armed for~~s. The<br />

worst offen<strong>de</strong>rs will be prosecuted for atrocities, but<br />

it is important to guard against revenge and vigilantism.<br />

A truthand reconciliation process is planned, to<br />

spotligh~ abuses and-promotenati?~l h~ali~g.<br />

Given the collapse of <strong>de</strong>mocratic institutIOns and<br />

civil soci<strong>et</strong>y un<strong>de</strong>r Saddam, future lea<strong>de</strong>rs will rely<br />

heavily on the international community in the postconflict<br />

transition period. America's full commitment<br />

is essential to provi<strong>de</strong> security after regime<br />

change. In addition, the United Nations can assist by<br />

. providing an interim civilian administration.<br />

. While Iraqi opposition lea<strong>de</strong>rs'welcom<strong>et</strong>he<br />

.<br />

mternational<br />

community's help, they also insist on-a tim<strong>et</strong>able<br />

for tralisferring 'responsibility to Iraqis. They<br />

maintain that thecounti'y's,.recovery will benefit<br />

from IIlany skilled professionals in Iraq, as wellas<br />

Iraqis living and wOrking abroad. '<br />

In wanting to avoid an open-en<strong>de</strong>d involvement,<br />

the United States should not make the mistake of replacing<br />

Saddam with another military strongman or<br />

nationalist lea<strong>de</strong>r just.to keep the country tog<strong>et</strong>her.<br />

It should also resist establishing a government in<br />

, eXile or' appointing a figure from the exile community<br />

to lead the country. Picking the wrong person<br />

would exacerbate divisions.<br />

Despite progress by opposition groups, it is impor- '<br />

.tant not to sugarcoat differen~es. O~P?sition lead~rs<br />

are <strong>de</strong>bating the need for a S1ngle,)omt or rotating<br />

presi<strong>de</strong>ncy. There are divergent views abo~t _the<br />

-n~mbp.r of provinces to be established in Iraq's fe<strong>de</strong>ral<br />

system, and when to conduct local elections. Some<br />

Islamists do not want Iraq to be a secular state.<br />

Iraqi opposition lUOUpSare sobered by the respon-<br />

sibility that would come with regime change. they<br />

approach fe<strong>de</strong>ralism as a movable feast. Its malleable .<br />

<strong>de</strong>finition can help resolve comp<strong>et</strong>ing claims, and<br />

accomD1odàte the interests ofIraq's many factions.<br />

The writer, a senior associate and <strong>de</strong>puty director of<br />

the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign<br />

Relations, contributed this comment to the Inter~<br />

national Herald Tribune.<br />

Harsh terrain for.<strong>de</strong>mocracy<br />

raq'sfragmented soci<strong>et</strong>y and blood-soaked politic-<br />

history should make anyone wary of predicting Ial<br />

the swift creation of a viable '<strong>de</strong>mocracy there. Monitored<br />

and oppressedsince 1958, Iraqis have turned<br />

inward to the safe harbor of tribalism and religious<br />

and <strong>et</strong>hnic factionalism. Every community fends for<br />

itself. Civil soci<strong>et</strong>y has been crushed and the middle<br />

.class has been <strong>de</strong>cimated, thanks mainly to the UNled<br />

sanctionS since 1991. The building blocks and institutions<br />

necessary for a functioning polity, l<strong>et</strong><br />

alone a <strong>de</strong>ll)ocra~, do not exist.<br />

Initially, a mil1tary liberation of Baghdad could<br />

unle8$h joy in the stre<strong>et</strong>s of Iraq. But unless the<br />

United States is willing to forcefully Po0lic<strong>et</strong>he new<br />

or<strong>de</strong>r for many years to come, Iraq W111 fracture and<br />

<strong>de</strong>scend into chaos, <strong>de</strong>stabilizing its neighbors and<br />

giving rise to new jihad groups that will attack Americans.<br />

Not only will there be no <strong>de</strong>mocracy in Iraq<br />

but U.S. vital interests will be endangered.<br />

- Fawaz A. Gerges, author of the forthc:oming "The Islamists<br />

and the West," commenting in The Wlshington Post<br />

A Damas,<br />

',Chirac évoque<br />

la crise irakienne<br />

21 OCTOBRE 2002<br />

DaD18S:<br />

<strong>de</strong> notre envoyée spéciale<br />

Anne Fulda<br />

Avant <strong>de</strong> regagner <strong>Paris</strong>,<br />

Jacques Chiric, tout auréolé du<br />

succès qu'ont remporté ses positions<br />

sur la crise irakienne <strong>et</strong> le<br />

conflit israélo-palestinien, au<br />

cours du neuvième somm<strong>et</strong> <strong>de</strong> la<br />

francophonie, a bouclé, hier, sa .<br />

tournée au Proche-Orient par<br />

JaCques Chirac<br />

a été accueilli<br />

chaleureuseD1ent<br />

par Bachar El Assad<br />

à son arrivée<br />

en Syrie. hier,<br />

(Photo p, KovariklAFP.)<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux Visites éclaïTën Syrie <strong>et</strong> en<br />

Jordanie.<br />

'<br />

Tapis rouge à l'aéroport <strong>de</strong><br />

Damas, puis entr<strong>et</strong>ien en tête-àtête<br />

avec Bachar El Assad, dans<br />

un salon <strong>de</strong> J'imposant palais<br />

prési<strong>de</strong>ntiel tout en marbre <strong>et</strong><br />

granit. Tapis rouge encore, <strong>et</strong><br />

haie d'honneur avec soldats en<br />

tenue d'apparat, à Amman, il,<br />

Jacques Chirac a été aceueilli par<br />

le roi Abd:tllah Il, avant <strong>de</strong> dùler<br />

avec lui au palaL~royaL. Sur le<br />

mntenu <strong>de</strong> ces <strong>de</strong>ux rencontres,<br />

le prési<strong>de</strong>nt français <strong>et</strong> son entourage<br />

ont été très discr<strong>et</strong>s.<br />

En revanche, lors <strong>de</strong> la murte<br />

wnférence <strong>de</strong> presse qu'il a donnée.<br />

à l'aéroport d'Amman,<br />

Jacques Chirac, faisant allusion<br />

aux discussions en cours à<br />

l'ONU, a tenu à réaffirmer qu'il<br />

ne situait pa~ les relatiolls entre<br />

la FraneR.<strong>et</strong> lés Etal~-Ullis,« en<br />

termes <strong>de</strong> rapports <strong>de</strong>.jorce ».<br />

Alors qu'on lui <strong>de</strong>mandait si la<br />

memH:e d'une guerre en Irak<br />

s'éloignail, il a nipundu, pru<strong>de</strong>nt,<br />

qu'il est « tout àfait prématuré<br />

<strong>de</strong> fairl' un tel pronusric ».<br />

« A.fais, a-t-il ajouté, à défaut <strong>de</strong><br />

prorwstic, ma cunl'Ît'lion est qu'il<br />

serait souhaitahle Qu'une. crise<br />

s'élo(Qlw. » « Tollt /1/(ln espoir,<br />

toute la raisou me cunduisenr à<br />

tour Jaire pour à!iter qu'une. circonstance<br />

dl' telle /lature surl'iI'll/u'»,<br />

a-t-il enco[p.indiqué.<br />

1./' présidrnt fiançais qui. il y a<br />

<strong>de</strong>ux ans, avait été ).. sl'ull~hef<br />

d'Etatoceidnntal à a~sistl~raux<br />

obs(~qupsd'Aflhz ElAssad. dfnctuait<br />

sa p".lllière visite Cil S\'rie<br />

d..puis l'acc:ession à la priisi<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

d.. Baehar El Assad. en<br />

, juiU!!! 211110, « Jims les suj<strong>et</strong>s "1'-<br />

lat(/.~au Proche-OrÎt'/lt Hfles r('-<br />

lati1ms bilafàales» ont l;ti~abordés,<br />

bt le dirigeant syrien, qui<br />

affirme apprr\<strong>de</strong>r « la positio/l<br />

équilibrée défendue par la<br />

France », a fait part <strong>de</strong> Sf!S<br />

craintes sur les conséquences<br />

émnomiques <strong>et</strong> politiques qu'entraînerait<br />

une intervention ar-<br />

, mée fin Irak.<br />

./aeQlles Chirac effectuait éga-<br />

Iement sa première visite Cil Jordanie<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis l'accession au pouvoir<br />

d'Abdallah Il.<br />

80

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