Bulletin de liaison et d'information - Institut kurde de Paris

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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-BasmÖzeti Unfazed, Iraqis cling to living ','3 normallife', BAGHDAD: As theItaqi Airways Boeing 747lifted off and banked to the east, the captain took to the public-address system ~th details of the day's flight. Destination: Basra. Flight time: 50 minutes. Cruising altitude: 25,000 feet. Sit back. Relax. Enjoy the flight. , What went unmentioned, but was eminently obvious to everyone on board, was that the plane would be flying straight through';lbout 240 kilo~eters (150 , miles) of airspace designated by the United States ' and Britain as a "no-flight" zone. Any Iraqi plane that. , crosses the 32nd parallel, which was just a fe~ ' minutes away, is in theory fakgame ish fighters. ,~: ';", for U.S. and Brit- ,' "Don't worry," said Ali Hussein, ilsuave young man ' assigned by th~ Information . ,,-,'. . ,. .~ Ministry to escor,t for- . " '" eign journalists: through ,Iraq. "TheY've' ~n flying this route tWice a day for ,months and nothmg's gone , ' wrong." , ' Nobodyelse .," " '. in the firS~-daSs cabin of the nearly ,three-decade~old 'juD,lbo Jet seemed the least blt fa~ed. Flight atteI;1dants ,paSsed out sweet, tea and 'weak coffee. PeoPle, peeled open newspapers. After living ,under, debilitating, economic 5!l~ctions ,an.d ' threats sincethe' end of the Gulf War ,ln 1991,lraqls have' il, tIU:esh,old for cOnCerti that is 'not what you mi~t ëxpecfëlsewhere. ,,', " "" • , ID fact, it is, practically ilnpossibleto fmd an Jr:lqi who is making any personal arrangements for coPing with war with the United States. That is partly because Iràqis often depend on food rations. But people just laugh when asked if they keep extra food and water on hand or if theythink a~t headitl$ out of town. "If ~e went shopping every 'timethe Americans threatened us we would always be at the markét;" said Taha Mahmud Fatah, 39, a jeweler in the north~ ern city of Mosul. . Iraqis say their attitude is born not out of fatahsm or foolishness, but a desire to live what several people here call "a normallife. " " ' It is hard to know what normal is after more than two decades of war and sanctions. This is a place where most government employees make less than $3 a month. The rich use pUlstic bags as wallets because destinations once served by Iraqi' Air- The economy went to pieces. With the largest deno~nation bill is worth .12.5cents. The ways. 'tax revenue scarce; officials opted to government says lt ~not afford to build 'schools, but ' "We had a life that was as good as any print more mon~y to pay salaries, ',European's," said Khalid Hassan, 54, a sparking massive inflation. there are no taxes on clgarettes. . , "The government doesn't want to_tax atranqudgovernment employee. "Everything Multinational firms pulled out, and was in ouneach." infant mortality, malnutrition and dis~ , izei." one ebahi-smoking Iraqi said Baghdad./.'legan to look like a large ease expanded. Children quit school in 'it was not always this way. Before 'city in the; American Southwest, dry droves to help their parents put food on 1980, when President Saddam Huss~in and flat, sprawling and scorching, with the table. "It has been de-development," launched a costly eight-year war With four-lane expressways, and elevated said Margaret Hassan, country director Iran, Iraq was deemed by the United roads. Tall hotels and limestone-walled for the aid organization Care Internagovernment ministries sprouted, as did' tionaL Nations to be one of the world's fastestdeveloping countries. Saddam spent a trendy shopping areas and fancy res- But Iraqis never stopped trying for greater portion of oil revenue on social taurants. Because of generous loans that "normallife. " , programs than any other Arab leader. ;offered by the government and because PepsiCo may have left Iraq, but Iraqis Mandatory childhood education and ,gasoline was nearly free, many resi~ ' continue to guzzle sweet, brown, fizzy ,free night classes for adult women in- ,dents bought new cars. , liquid that comes in Pepsibottles. The "creased the literacy rate to nearly 80 ,8y some estimates, Iraq suffere4 bottling plants are now run by Iraqis, , percent. Hospitals were stocke~ with 375,000 casualties in the war with Iran; who have tried with surprising s~ccess , medicines and equipment was lmpor- billions of dollars in oil revenue were to duplicate the genuine article. , ted from Europe. All sorts of products, diverted to pay for it. When the war fi- It is the same story for Sheraton Honally ended, in 1988,people hoped for a .ftls S .. ' '000'"H ' .. , ' ' , .,whether Italian shoes or Japanese television sets, were subsidized by the government. Even midlevel civil servants vaded Kuwait, starting a second debilit-, ,"" e .. , 0;' e in's parent company' " • LU. return t'oprosperity, but tarw otels & ReSorts World- 1D 1990,Iraq ln- wid IDe' th' cha' could afford to take their families on nQ,longer operates any properties here. ating war and bringing on tight UN eco- .But>that is not at all evÎ4eIit:iktb:e' imnomic vacations to J.>aris,London and Rome - sanctioqs. 4
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti posing Basra Sheraton. The cashier there still stamps a Sheraton logo on each bill, The Basra airport, a cavernous building designed to accommodate thou- .sands of international travelers, has re~ opened - to handle two domeStië flights a day. The duty-free shop, too, " has' come back to life, hawking perfumes, spirits and an odd assortment of leather jackets to Baghdad-bound travelers. , Getting out of the country no longer requires a lo-hour road trip to the Jordanian capital, Amman. Royal Jordania~ Airlinesnow zips, into Baghdad fo~r' timesa week. And a charter carrier, called Gulf Air Falcon flies to Syria using a 747that is unmarked except for an Arabic inscription stating, "We fly by the grace of God." , Today, Baghdad's markets are almost as well stocked as they were before sanctioBl!, thanks to vibrant smuggling rackets with neighboring countries. There are late-model Pentium-powered computers from Jordan, ice-cream bars from Syria, cosmetics from Thrkey, ,Coke from Saudi Arabia and electronics from Asia by way of the United Arab Emirates. , On Thursday mornin~, warplanes from the U.S.-British coalition attacked a radar installation at the Basra airport. The Pentagon contends', the radar tracked coalition aircraft, but Iraq says it was used only for civil aviation. Iraq accused the United States of a similar attack on Sunday. Now, officials here said, the Iraqi Airways planes will have to land at Basra without radar. But that still does not worry Iraqi travelers. "After all we've been through, this is nothing," said an Iraqi journalist who is planning to fly to Basra soon. "It is normal" Saddam's UNgambit Inspection deal clouds Bush's options By Glenn Kessler The Wlshlngton l'ost WASHINGTON: With Iraq's decision to agree to new weapons inspections, the White House faces difficult choices and complex diplomacy as it races to complete action on both a UN resolution and congressional authorization for militaryaction. NEWS ln the three weeks -----.- since President AnalYSIS George W. Bush's , speech to the United , Nations, the Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, has proven adept at staying one , step ahead of the Bush administration's ' campaign to, isolate him. The agree- , menLTuesclay between Iraq and the United ,Nations in Vienna, which is , based on an earlier UN resolution the U.S. says is flawed, may be an example of that skill The agreement will strengthen the negotiating position of Russia and France, two permanent members of the , Security Council that have pushed new inspections as a first step to resolve the crisis. Even under the timetable of a new resolution sought by the United States, Saddam conceivably could drag' out the process f~r months., ' " Confronted with this scenario, the administration now must take its fight to the Security Council, where it will press a resolution aiming to cut short Saddam's delaying tactics and to provide an international imprimatur to, possible militaryaction. It also must resolve tensions at the highest levels of the government that have complicated the diplomacy of the past three weeks. The diplomatic dance over inspections obscures the larger context of the debate in the United Nations: ne United States appears to view the inspections process as a path to war, while Iraq and other nations hope to use inspections to thwart war. Russia and France, in particular, appear to be testing the limits of the adQlinistration's willingness to take unilateral ac- 'tion to remove Saddam. ' Outsicle the United States and possibly Britain, there is little support for regime change, the stated goal of the Bush administration. lndeed, the White House spokesman, Ari Fleischer, on ~y openly invited the assassina- 'tWn6f Saddam by the Iraqi people, just ,one day after the. French foreign minister argued in, a newspaper column that regime éhangt}was immoral The administrat:bn~'iees the new Security Council resolution as a building block to' a militarycliû1pajgn against Iraq. Many officials believe even a tough new inspections regime will fail, per- ' mitting U.S. militaryaction under the guise of an international coalition. UN backing will also make it easier for the United States to negotiate deals with countries in the region, such as Thrkey, Jordan and Saudi Arabia, since the price, for their cooperation will surely go up if Washington decides to, take action without UN approval But many other countries want to avoid a war and hope that inspections will actually result in Iraq's disarmament, or at least enough progress in exposing Saddam's weapons programs that the United St~tes is unable to act. 'For'these differing reasons, there appears to be a growing consensus within , the Security Council for some sort of new resolution, although opinion, differs on its precise language. France has pushed for a two-step approach.The first step would be to determine if tough inspections resultin Iraq compliance. A second resolution would deal with the consequences - such as a military attack - if Iraq failed to cooperate with the first resolution. The United States, in contrast, is pushing for a one-step resolution that would find Iraq in "material breach" of previous resolutions, demand tough inspections anywhere and anytime in ' Iraq and threaten consequences if Iraq does not comply. Patrick Clawson, deputy director of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, ,saict .Ule U.S. resc;>lution appeared cleverly drawn to ~ddress some of the concerns of other members of the Security Council He noted, for instance, that the Russians had long complained that the 1998 resolution on weapons inspections was , . too vague and needed to be clarified. In the end, many U.S. officials are convinced that, with enough pressure, both France and Russia will eventually agree to accept a U.S. military strike, if only to participate in the riches of a post-Saddam Iraq. Ivo Daalder, a former Clinton administration official at the Brookings Institution, .said that France and Russia will continue to test the U.S. position until it appears they are thwarting an international consensus on the issue. "They will fold at the moment the problem,becomes them and not the United States," he said Yet an added complexity for the administration's strategy is that the administration still does not appear to be united on its approach. In retrospect, analysts and administration officials say, the president's Sept. 12 speech did , not settle the administration debate' over Iraq policy, but instead has intensified it. Some officials, especially in the Pentagon, are still wary of being too tied to the UN route; ,International Herald Tribune, Thursday, October 3, 2002 5
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