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include missile components sold to Pakistan and Iran, are
exported for civilian applications.
Both Democratic and Republican senators saw in Robert J.
Einhorn's testimony evidence of a misguided and naive
interpretation of China's actions.
"If the government in Beijing doesn't know, then Chinese
officials must be wearing huge blinders," said Sen. Ted Stevens,
R-Alaska. "It seems these dangerous missiles are going to Iran,
but we're doing nothing about it."
"Yes, these materials are getting to Iran. But no, we are doing
something about it," Einhorn, a deputy assistant secretary of
state, responded.
Asked by Sen. Max Cleland, D-Ga., whether U.S. pressure
would slow down future shipments, Einhorn said: "It's hard to
predict the future, but China has become the largest seller of
conventional arms to Iran.... We have information of
discussions between Iran and China about additional
conventional weapons sales.We expect there will be more."
"There just has to be better enforcement," panel member Sen.
Carl Levin, D-Mich., told a reporter after sharp questioning of
Einhorn about why sanctions have not been imposed for Chinese
shipment of dual-use chemicals to Iran.
Shipments to Iran, one of seven countries on the State
Department's list of terror-exporting countries, were the main
theme of the hearing by the Senate Governmental Affairs
subcommittee dealing with weapons proliferation.
Einhorn said a major consideration on the ~ual-use question is
that China's controls over many exports are surprisingly lax.
"The more I learn about the Chinese system," he said, "the
more plausible it becomes that they didn't know" about
shipments last year of $70,000 worth of ring magnets that could
be used in missile development.
But Einhorn said proof of intent is but one criterion among
several in U.S. law that make the decision to invoke punitive
sanctions extremely sensitive and difficult. China's supplying of
cruise missiles to Iran, for instance, does not meet the
requirement that such sales be of such numbers and types of
weapons as to be destabilizing to the region.
"It's one thing to make policy judgments or even intelligence
judgments on a preponderance of evidence," Einhorn said. "But
we think the eviden'celeading to a sanctions judgment must be
compelling indeed."
'
And under those standards, he said, the cruise shipments "as of
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