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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê:..Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm Özeti recent legal changes in human rights. "We will not pay attention to what Çiller wrote and signed - from now on we will only look at . the implementation of thesethings," Green said, emphasizing her ~int by allowing il piece of paper she was holding to drop to the ground: IHD Chairman Akm Birdal said the European Parliament had lost all confidence in Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Tansu Çil1er who, in intense lobbying efforts prior to the customs union, had asked the European Parliament's socialist wing to I>ackher during the process, . rer.ortedly threatening that "the fumlamcntalists Will take over'! otherwise. European Parliament feels betrayed and has lost . trust in Çil1er, reports from Green's Friday visit with Turkey's foreign minister implied. Constantly pressured OI) the human rightsissue, Turkish government announced human rights legal reform, the deputy prime minister stating speci~cally that "torture suc::has 'Palestine Hangmg'" was out of question, now and forever. . Green said she interpreted these words, which . indicated explicit knowledge of such torture techniques, "as a confession" and was very sI>ecific . abuut the rukof the military. reportedly emphasizing the importance of civil conscience over any organization, including the military.. . Also mentioned by Green and her colleagues were the handicaps created from lade of a democ- . ratic resolution to the Kurdish issue. In this vein the Socialist Group leader reiterated, "We will ' force the implementation of human rights." Birdal reportedly stressed in the meeting that lawsregardlDg this implementation should be p.asse.drelated to the recent government human nghts reforms. Green was pleased that ties with t~e.T~rkish mili~ were strengthened during her VISitID Ankara with Deputy Chief of General Sta.ff qen. Çevik Bir. ~he importance of civil actJ~n ID problcm~solvl!lg, as ~pposed to ~ilitary force, was tabled ID thelnrteetlng: Accordmg'to reports, however, when Green said, ''The military is not above the civil initiative," Gen. Bir countered wi~hhis ,:iew ~hat ~GOs overexaggerate human nghts VIOlationsID Turkey. . During her talk with Gen. Bir, Green also 'rep?~edly affirmed certain Turkish government . pohcles, such as the preservation of secularism :and efforts against the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), and urged that Turkey "not distance itself from the principles of democracy." . . . ln. . . 1~.T.. liltra ;.:~'~[> .G. . .-.... ~ ER.N~.TIo:;~D:;CH26.m rt nut ... PUBLlS~~J)~n"f)THE NEW Y()RKTIMF_~ AND THE WASHINGTON POST .. Civilian Rule for Turkev . . . .stâged three coups since 1960, the The Turkish general. staff m rece~t threat of military rule JOust be taken wee~ has all but put the co~try s seriously. Those concerned with de- IsI~c.-Ied g~ve~enton n~uce that fending secularism ought to consider the ~litary wl~l seize power.lfTurkey the contribution that those coups have cOI~~ues to ~ft away !r0mlts secul~ :made to shaping the unappealing politpohtlCal tradiuons: Whlle the generals ical choices Turkey now confronts. defen~e of seculans~ appeals to many The secular parties favored by the mil- Amen~ans, the UOlted. S~tes shou.ld itary have failed to establish deep pop- ~ogmze ~at anoth~r penod of mll- ular roots. They are increasingly perltary rule m Turkey wo~ld do more' ceived as aloof from the problems of harm ~an Egood. \yashington .n~s ordinary Turks and consumed by per- ,to make clear that It (avors ~lvlhan sonal vendettas and corruption. Incong~vern~ce and would ~ ~bhged to trast, Mr. Erbakan 's Welfare Party has ~stance l~elf from any mlhtary-dom- increased its base ()fsupport by providma~ reg1ffi~.. . ing relatively cleàn andeffeetive mu- ~me MiOlster Necme~ Erba- nicipal government in many of Tur~ :kan s Welfare Party, representmg one- key's largest cities; fifth of the ~l~ctorate, hasrashly chal- The Welfare Party now rules in colenged the ngIdly secular ground rules alition with thé True Path Party, led by decreed by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk,: Tansu Ciller, a former prime minister the founder of modern Tur~~~ s~ven; who represents some of the least atdecades ago .. The. p~.s mluauve~. tractive features of the old secular s':lch as. relaxm.g res~ctlons on reh- political order. After worrisome early gIous displays m pubhc places. have overtures toward Iran and Libya, the ,made man~ .secular Turks ~easy. coalition has pursued pragmatic for- These pohCl~S. have. particular~y eign policies, including close military al~ed ~e mihtary, w~ch Turkey s cooperation with Israel and the United constltuUon entrusts With defendmg States. But internally it has been a tense the ~ecular system: In response, Tur- alliance, with each side looking for key s general~ have warned .the gov- chances to shove the other aside. enunent that It mu.st ag~esslvely en- A .military intervention would preforce secular la~s, lOcludlOgsome that .sumably evict Welfare from power in have long been Ignored.. favor of True Path or its secular rival Ina country where the generals have the Motherland Party. While this might __ o. . . . .- look superficially reassuring to Washington. it would inmany ways make malters worse. . Washington' s goal is to keep Turkey oriented to the West, including NATO; to which it belongs, and the European Uruon, which it has long hoped to join. But the powerful army, militantly nationalisuc and prone to wholesale human. rights abuses, is itself a major .o~stacle to closer Turkis~.\Dtegration With Europe. Army leadèts have resisted compromise with oleece over Turkey's 20-year occupation of northern Cyprus and have managed Tur-. key' s brutal suppression of the Kurds. . Pushing aside Islamic politicians -like Mr. Erbakan who. are willing to. play by democratic rules would prob- ~~ly radicalize Turkish Islamic pollUCS.It would also send the wrong message to the secular parties, which. . need to overcome theirpetty rivalries .and rebuild popular support. Turkey's location atthe crossroads :of Europe, the Mideast and Central •Asia - and its puge army, the largest. among NATO's European members' - make it a piv.otal factor iD American . foreign policy. Washington would. understandably prefer a solidly secularist government. But for practical as well as principled reasons, theUnited States should support democratic solutions to Turkey' s problems rather than those imposed by force.. . - THE NEW YORK TIMES. 86
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti Turkisb Daily News WEDNESDAY."MARCH 26. 1997 Ensarioglu proposes Southeast undersecretariat be forllled Salim Ensarioglu, state minister responsible for the Southeast, is pressing for organizational changes which will affect the region SAADETORUÇ Ankara- Turkish Daily News TON. Everyone is still discussing the National Security Council (MGK) meeting which was held Feb. 28. Will you comment o!1"the MGK "suggestions?" ENSARIOGLU. The decisions are very important regarding the system and security. They were not against the Welfare Party (RP). However, I have some doubts about the implementation of the MGK recommendations. There will probably be some problems with the implementation process. Implementation will take time so we must be patient. The realization of the recommendations must not be execution of a party. TDN- Do ~ou think the MGK executed a party? ENSARIOGLU. Not me - the media described the scene like that. The media executed the RP. I am not in a position to defend the RP. The threat of Shariah is not something; new. Its foundation was laid nearly 30 years ago. Of - course, some statements given by Welfare deputies may encourage Islamic fundamentalists but the citizens should not be obligated to live according to their beliefs. The number of extreme fundamentalists is not so large. Because of this, (the push by the military) those condemning the ordinary citizens for their religious beliefs should be very careful. Otherwise, this might push more citizens to join the RP. The fight against Islamic fundamentalists such as Aczmendis, Cemalettin Kaplan or IBDA-C (Islamic Great East Raiders Front), must not make the people think the army is "atheist." The army belongs to our own society. They are our sons. TON- Speaking of this tension between the RP and the army, which peaked after the statement by .~ecretary- General of the Turkish General Staff Erol Ozkasnak who said, "We are not in harmony with anybody" in response to Prime Minister Necmettin Erbakan's statement that the RP was in h~Qny_ with the army ... ENSARIOGLU. The press depicted the situation from that point of view. The army is part of the system. It has a 50 percent influence on MGK decisions. The soldiers had started to make statements a few years ago. TON. Do you think this is normal in democratic administrations? ENSARIOGLU. I do not want to discuss that. But until the last two years they had not done so. Although it is not democratic, I want the soldiers to say what they think. I cannot accept the tank parade in Sincan or this "fine-tuning the democracy (engine)" - Gen. Çevik Bir's words in Washington explaining the tank parade. If the army has an 80 percent influence on all decisions. then it must explain its views. Is it normal? Later, we can discuss this. When it comes to your fanner question. Erbakan accepted everything the MGK suggested at the Cabinet meeting. TON. Your coalition partner has a different view regarding the presence of the MGK. What's your opinion about the role of ~ MGK? ENSARIOGLU. The removal of the MGK is being discussed in various circles of society. During the democratization process it will undoubtedly be abolished. TON. It is said that during the hours the MGK decisions were discussed by the Cabinet on March 5, you met with parliamentarians from the southeastern cities. It was also rumored that most of the parliamentarians were in a tense mood because of the threat of a coup d'etat. They were even said to bave prepared to leave the country. ENSARIOGLU. The media projected that view. The media and Mesut Yllmaz (Motherland Party (ANAP) leader) called on the soldiers to take the control. Yes, it is true. I witnessed some discussions among many parliamentarians from different parties. They were afraid of being arrested because of a possible coup d'etat. I was really ashamed hearing those words from parliamentarians elected by the people. TON. Will you brief us on this meeting with the deputies from the Soqtheast? ENSARIOGLU. At the Gap Otel, nearly 17 deputies met at the invitation of the Diyarbakrr Democracy Platform. We discussed the unemployment problem in the region as well as mysterious political killings. We were invited to meet in Diyarbakrr on May 6 but I feel that such meetings must be organized in Ankara or Istanbul in order to avoid the threat of any provocation. The people whose goal is the welfare of the country must attend such meetings. The country has suffered a lot from those who profit from the fighting in the Southeast. TON. Wh~ should the topics ofsuch a meeting"be? " ENSARjOGL\J.,Fi'i'Stly, econorfiy:ïr1ßiêôîgge!R pii)Dteirl is certainly the economy in the region. Then come education, health and mysterious killings. A commission should be established to investigate these killings. TON. Wh~ about the village guard system? ENSARIOGLU. The village guard system is connected with OHAL (Emergency Rule). Once OHAL is eradicated, " the village guard system will surely be abolished. TON. It is not likely that Emergency Rule will be completely abolished in the near future. How much longer will the ~yste!V l'lst? ENSARIOGLU. Elazig and Mardin were taken out of OHAL after some improvements. I think that OHAL will be completely abolished. OHAL is useful from one JJ?int of view but it and the village guard system must be abohshed when world standards are considered. It has turned into a psychological matter. The so-called "Vietnam Syndrome" is the illness of our country. There are people from the PKK (Kurdistan Workers' Party) as well as police and soldiers who are consumed with single-minded aggression. We have to cure this illness first. TON. Will you brief us about your proposal amnesty? _ for partial 87
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