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Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Baszn Özeti . INTERNATIONAL HERALO TRmUNE, MONDAY, MARCH 24, 1997 Furor OverTurkish Report Business Group Urges Faster Steps to Democracy J;ly Stephen Kinzer New York Times Service JSTANBUL - The lead~ ing Turkish business federatiörfhils urged quicker prû- recommends the abûlitiûn ûf 'Perhaps mûst significant, it gress tûward full demûcracy thé Natiûnal Security Cûuncil; he~, but pûlitical and militaryleaders have strûngly re- tltrûugh which the military in- the principal' 'instrument jected its suggestiûns. flijences gûvel1lll)ent pûlicy, With its free electiûns, suggests that milii,(try cûmmanders be Sl,lbot~lâted to. ûpen ecûnûmy and an ûi.1t~ spöken press, Turkey is in the Defense Ministry' arid that many ways a paragûn ûf freedûtn cûmpared with mûst ûf sensitive issues be repealed. la~s that limit public debate ûn its Middle Eastern neighbûrs. i 'In malting these recûmmendatiûns, the grûup, whûso' But it falls shûrt ûf Western de~ocraticn6nns in sûme members include many ûf th~ important respects. . . icduntry's largest dûmestic Several weeks ago., the 'and internatiûnal cûmpanies~ Turkish Industrialists' and ;Wasasserting its right to.take Bl)sinessmen' s Assûciatiûn issued a report analyzing Turk~ . 'But business leaders alSo. 'part in natiûnal debates. . ish democracy and suggesting fear that pûlitical frustratiûn is wa.ys it cûuld be improved. h~rting the cûuntry' s chances 'The repûrt urges that the pqwer ûf party leaders be :Curbed. The leaders nûw dic" ta(e party pûlicies andnûm~ inate candidates withûut cûn- .su~ting anyûne ûutside their ûWn tight c~cles, making it all but impûssible' fûr ûutsiders to.break into. pûlitics. ; Mûving into. mûre danger- {)lis territûry, thel'repûrt pro'; pûses tnat Kurds be given the right t9 education in their ûwn language. . . forlûng-term grûwth. ."There cannût be two.Tur-, k~ys:a priv.ate sectûr which is :an integral part ûf the wörl~ arid a state apparatus which is detached frûm it," said Halis Kpmili, the head ûf the busi~ ')less group. 'But even MT.Kûmili prob- ,ably did nût expect the rel,lctiûnthat greeted his repûrt. _... .. . . .. Many Turkish leaders rejected its recûmmendatiûns and challenged the right ûf private grûups to.be invûlved in public pûlicy at all. Tûp military cûmmanders suminûned Mr. Kûmili, telling him that bis report was ill-timed and pûtentially destabilizing. Civilian politicians were equally scûrnful. "I cannût understand hûw an institutiûn which itself lacks demûcracy. and is cûntrûlled by capitalist fûrces can give 'us lessûns ûn demûcracy," Trade. Minister yalim Erez cûmplained. He said the. business grûup shûuld remember that its role in sûciety isnût to. criticize, but "to. di'àw fûreign capital into. Turkey and to. advertise the cûuntry abroad." Perhaps mûst devastating was an ûffhand endûrsement .ûf the repûrt frûm' Abdullah Ocalan, leader ûf the ûut- .lawed Kurdish Wûrkers Party, which is waging a separatist war in the sûutheast 'hat has cûst mûre than 20,000 lives in the past 12 years. "At this point," he
Revue de Presse-Press Review-Berhevoka Çapê-Rivista Stampa-Dentro de la Prensa-Basm ()zeti It is a combination designed to keep an elite acceptable to the Islamic Republic in DOwer,and the population in ch~k. f'There is space - but only resb'lcted space - for political competition in Iran " said Shaul Bakhash, a historian. "The competition is limited to candidates and groups acceptable to the regime, and OU~I.ders~ not ~lowed to seriously partiCIpate m elect10ns or the political process. I call it the politics of the roling elite. " The reason there is a presidential election at all is that President Hashemi Rafsanjani has already served the maximum two four-year terms allowed under the Iranian Constitution. . For months now, the' leading candidate has been Ali Akbar Nateq-Noori, speaker of Parli~ent an~ a mi~l~vel clergyman with untmpresslve rehglous credentials. Just a few months ago, ht seemed a shoo-in. But at least one other candidate has emerged as a serious contender: Mohammed Khatami, a cleric who served as minister of Islamic guidance for a decade until he was forced to resign for allowing too much freedom in the press, publishing and the arts. Still, it isn't just anyone who can ron for president. The council of guardians, a body that is dominated by the clerics and supervises elections, must approve all candidates. In last year's parliamentary election, it disqualified about 40 percent of the 5,000 would-be candidates. In the last presidential election, in 1993 more than 100 candidates tried to ron' ~nly three did. And although Iran's spiritual leader, Ayatollah Sared Ali Khamenei, has declared himsel neutral in this one, no candidate who did not meet with his approval could ron. Still, as the balloting draws near, what looks like a campaign of genume issueg and candidates is {llaying out. Officially, political parties are banned in Iran, but clearl~ identi~ble factions with clearly identifiable vIews are not. Mr.,Nateq-Noori has the endorsement of the Society of Combatant Clergy, a political grouping he heads that is dominated by socially conservative clerics and supported by bazaar merchants who care about free foreiJI1 trade but not ,~ssarily about foreIgn investment. That support brings with it the power Of a well-organized political machine Withthe resources to get out the vote: the nationwide network of mosques. There are no reliable opinion polls in Iran but a three-week tour of interviews aroJod the country in December suggested that there is a widely held view that Mr. Nateq-Noori would only make Iran's economic. problems worse and that he by no means enjoys the popular support that Mr. Rafsanjani does. . Enter Mr. Khatami. He has the backhtg of two strong groups on opposite ends of the politiCal spectrum: the leftleaning Coalition of the Imam's Line, which supports state control of the economy and -more equal distribution of wealth; and, if some newspapers are to be believed, all but one member of the Servants of Construction, which opposes state control of the economy, favors more foreign investment and better relations with the West. It is aligned with Mr. Rafsanjani, but he has vowed not to endorse any candidate. Mr. Khatami is also po{lular among university students and mtellectuals. Teenagers are important, since about half the population has been born since the revolution. Even though the campaign does not officially start for. weeks, Mr. Nateq- ~ ~ Noon is crisscJOssing the countryilran effort to bolster his strong lead. He traveled recently from town to town in his native Mazandaran Province, visiting hospitals and schools, inaugurating factories, bakeries and even buildingstrailed all the way by crews from the state television, which extensively aired his pronouncements every night. In their speeches, the cancJidates say little about the cultural onslaught of the West or confronting world arrogance, and much, much more about corruption, inflation, inequality and jobs. Some subjects are too hot for debate - the Arab-Israeli peace process or the death warrant on the author Salman Rushdie, for example. But there have been hints that there is even room foÏ' some discussion of Iran's relationship with the United States. On a campaign stop in Uromiyeh last. month, Mofiarrimed Mohammadi Reyshahri, a former intelligence ministei. did not even mention. "death to America" on his list of priorities. And Ibraham Yazdi, an English-speaking former foreign minister who once lived in Texas, announced a week a,o that he favors "normal relations With America" and the creation of "a democratic atmosphere" in Iran. But, then, Mr. yazdi's group, the Liberation Movement of Iran, has nevet' been allowed to run in any' Iranian election. It is just not consIdered Islamic enough by Iran's theocrats. "In a true democracy, the people give legitimacy to their government," said Stephen Fairbanks, a visiting scholar at the Woodrow Wilson International Cen~ ter for Scholars who is writing a study of Iran's political system. "But Iran's sys. tern claims its legitimacy comes from God." ELÏF SEMÏHA KUFLU Ankara- Turkish Daily News • The volume of high-powered European traffic currently in Ankara is an indicator of Europe's depreciation of confidence in Deputy Prime Mmister and Foreign Minister Tansu Çiller. According to diplomatic observers, European representatives want to hear, for themselveS,usur- Turkish Dally News Monday, March 24.1997 Çiller has lostEuropean Parliament confidence EuropeanParli~entdeputie~ aim to force the ImplementatIon of the ances from Turkey's high-ranking official~ top Turkish government's announced military brass and nongovernmental organuations human rights amendments (NGOs) and put to rest doubts about Turkish policY'European Parliament's Socialist Group, led by Labour Party parliamentarian Pauline Green. held closed sessions with the Turkey's Human Rights Association (IHD) and the pro-Kurdish Peqlle's Democracy Party (HADEP) in order to be meltcred from media attention. The only media representative present at the close of these sessions, TON was told that Green reassured the activists that the' Socialist Group would push the issue on implementation of the 85
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