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Table 1. The specimens studied. Ca, Chelonia agassizii; Cm, Chelonia mydas; PE, East Pacific; AO, West Atlantic; OI, Indian Ocean; PO, West Pacific; F, female; M, male; NA, sex unknown; 0, without lower jaw; 1, with lower jaw. Species Ocean origin Beach/Island origin Maturity Sex LJ Ca PE Ecuador: Santa Cruz adult NA 0 Ca PE Mexico: Guerrero adult F 0 Ca PE Ecuador, Galápagos : Baltra Island adult F 0 Ca PE Ecuador, Galápagos : Santa Cruz adult NA 1 Ca PE Ecuador, Galápagos : Santa Cruz adult NA 1 Ca PE Peru: Ica adult NA 0 Ca PE Ecuador: NA adult NA 0 Ca PE Ecuador, Galápagos : Santa Cruz adult NA 1 Cm AO Guiana: Pointe Isare adult F 1 Cm AO Guiana: Almond beach adult NA 1 Cm AO Guiana: Almond beach adult NA 1 Cm AO Guiana: Almond beach adult F 1 Cm AO Guiana: Almond beach adult F 1 Cm AO Guiana: Shell beach adult F 1 Cm AO Costa Rica: Tortuguero adult F 0 Cm AO Costa Rica: Tortuguero adult F 1 Cm AO Florida, USA: NA juvenile NA 1 Cm AO Georgia, USA: Cumberland Island juvenile M 0 Cm AO Georgia, USA: Cumberland Island juvenile M 1 Cm AO Georgia, USA: Cumberland Island juvenile M 1 Cm AO Georgia, USA: Cumberland Island juvenile NA 1 Cm AO Georgia, USA: Cumberland Island juvenile F 1 Cm AO Georgia, USA: Cumberland Island juvenile M 1 Cm AO Georgia, USA: Cumberland Island juvenile F 1 Cm AO Georgia, USA: Cumberland Island subadult F 1 Cm AO Mexico: Temaulipas subadult NA 1 Cm OI Western Indian Ocean: Europa adult F 0 Cm OI Western Indian Ocean: Aldabra adult F 0 Cm OI Western Indian Ocean: Tromelin adult F 0 Cm OI Western Indian Ocean: Aldabra adult F 0 Cm OI Tanzania,: Dar el Salaam adult F 0 Cm PO PROVINCE, Australia: Inskip Bay adult M 1 Cm PO New Caledonia, France: Ile Leteixour adult F 1 Cm PO New Caledonia, France: Ile Surprise adult F 1 Cm PO New Caledonia, France: Ile Surprise adult F 1 Cm PO New Caledonia, France: Ile Surprise adult F 1 Cm PO New Caledonia, France: Ile Huon adult F 0 Cm PO New Caledonia, France: Ile Huon adult F 1 Cm PO New Caledonia, France: Ile Huon subadult F 1 100
Figure 1. Map showing the geographical origins of the specimens studied. Number of localities refer to Table 1. • Landmarks To capture the geometry of the skulls and lower jaws, we used landmark-based methods. They allow to statistically compare shape variations once the non-shape variations (size and residual) have been removed by superimposition (Adams et al., 2004). As the skull and lower jaw are made respectively of 23 and 7 joined bones, what appears to be a uniform structure can be in fact described as the intersections of bony structures. Moreover, these bones are the same in all sea turtle species in term of number, but dissent in shape (Gaffney, 1979; Wyneken, 2001), thus allowing species identification or understanding features that have functional or systematic interest. Respectively fifty and twelve landmarks (figure 2) were defined following different earlier biometric studies (Duron-Dufrenne and Bour, 1988; Figueroa and Alvarado, 1990; Kamezaki and Matsui, 1995; Claude et al., 2004), original work carried here, and study of the levels of homology : type I, juxtaposition of tissues; type II, maxima of curvature; type III, defined by phrases like “the most anterior” or “the farthest from” (Bookstein, 1991). We used a Microscribe 3-D digitizer to analyze the morphological variation of skulls and lower jaws geometry, synthesized by the landmarks. 101
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MUSÉUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATUR
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Sommaire 1
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1-Matériel : le choix des os .....
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3-1-Identification des populations
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Tableau 1. Taxonomie et nomenclatur
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Figure 1. Arbres phylogénétiques
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Figure 27. Histogramme des effectif
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Si les tortues marines font aujourd
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un large intérêt pour répondre
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Elles font partie du sous-ordre des
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- de l’âge mais aussi du stade d
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De plus, le marquage des nouveau-n
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-Méthodes directes La squelettochr
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3-2-Le lien entre le génome et la
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Figure 1. Arbres phylogénétiques
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fait apparaître de nombreux caract
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Cette équation peut se généralis
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positionnement, nageaient significa
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PARTIE II Matériel et méthode 35
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Figure 2. Os du plastron en place l
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Figure 3. Schéma d’un squelette
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Figure 5B. Schéma du détail des o
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de positionner les points repères
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Le choix des points repères pour n
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Figure 6. Points repères choisis p
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Page 53 and 54: Tableau 7. Points repères choisis
Page 55 and 56: Figure 9. Points repères choisis p
Page 57 and 58: Figure 10. Points repères choisis
Page 59 and 60: Dans le cas particulier des contour
Page 61 and 62: avec : - C(x,y,z) les cordonnées d
Page 63 and 64: Figure 13. Représentation graphiqu
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Page 67 and 68: Figure 17. Graphique des coordonné
Page 69 and 70: Sur cet exemple, les deux contours
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Page 73 and 74: Il serait possible de prendre beauc
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Page 77 and 78: Le test de Wilk, fondé sur le calc
Page 79 and 80: La combinaison de paires retenue es
Page 81 and 82: PARTIE III Résultats 79
Page 83 and 84: 1-1-Les données dans leur ensemble
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Page 87 and 88: 2-Estimation de la variabilité op
Page 89 and 90: Tableau 16. Résumé des indices st
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Page 93 and 94: Figure 27. Vues supérieure (à gau
Page 95 and 96: Ce mauvais balancement des facteurs
Page 97 and 98: a-Effet de la localité L’effet d
Page 99 and 100: Malgré les récents progrès conce
Page 101: Due to its large variation within t
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Page 107 and 108: RESULTS PC2 (11.5%) -0.02 0.00 0.02
Page 109 and 110: on PC1. As we did not digitize OI j
Page 111 and 112: Figure 6. Plot of the LDA on adults
Page 113 and 114: As PC1 quite clearly separated turt
Page 115 and 116: Figure 8. Dorsal, lateral and front
Page 117 and 118: distinctions between AO and PE turt
Page 119 and 120: 3-3-2-Seconde publication La morpho
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Page 123 and 124: Table 2. Numbers of specimens studi
Page 125 and 126: • Why are geometric morphometrics
Page 127 and 128: Figure 5. Projection of all the sup
Page 129 and 130: Figure 7. Projection of all the sup
Page 131 and 132: Axis 2 -2 -1 0 1 2 adult sub-adult
Page 133 and 134: surfaces of both coracoid and scapu
Page 135 and 136: PARTIE IV DISCUSSION 133
Page 137 and 138: pêcheurs ou d’autres interaction
Page 139 and 140: Chez les tortues terrestres, on ren
Page 141 and 142: ii- les appréciations visuelles du
Page 143 and 144: de deux populations de Cm partagean
Page 145 and 146: Outre les perspectives qui ont ét
Page 147 and 148: Il serait donc très intéressant d
Page 149 and 150: 3-2-Perspectives en archéologie Le
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Bien que des études locales aient
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Ces observations mettent en lumièr
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Bibliographie Cette liste bibliogra
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Bjorndal, K.A., Bolten, A.B., Delli
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Carr, A., Carr, M.H. & Meylan, A.B.
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Duguy, R., Morinière, P. & Meunier
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Hendrickson, J.R., 1980. The ecolog
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Loy, A., Busilacchi, S., Costa, C.,
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Pritchard, P.C.H., 1997. Evolution,
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Wiens, J.J., 2001. Character analys
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Annexes 171
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Annexe 2. Détails des résultats o
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175
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2-Mandibule (mâchoire inférieure)
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3-1-2-Vue dorsale 183
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3-2-Contours 3D épiphyse 3-2-1-Pro
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4-Scapula gauche 4-1-Points repère
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4-2-Contours 3D épiphyse 193
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5-2-Contours 3D épiphyse 199
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6-2-Contours 3D épiphyse 6-2-1-Pro
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7-Pubis gauche 7-1-Points repères
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7-2-Contours 3D surfaces articulair
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12554 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Cc adulte Géor
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13007 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 Cm juvénile G
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12636 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 Lk juvénile G
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