maenas (intertidal zone) and Segonzacia mesatlantica - Station ...

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198 CHAPITRE 5. ADAPTATIONS RESPIRATOIRES DE S. MESATLANTICA Since the number of thawings could have had an effect on complex proportions or lactate and urate contents but not on the subunit composition, this variable was not used for the forward selection. Only sex and exp3 explained significant amounts of variance of the response variables (p-values lower than 0.1 ; 0.09 for both) and were kept as covariables in the following analyses. Experimental conditions were described with the same method as above : a variable Control with mean 0 separated the 13 control crabs (coding value = 1/13) from the 10 acclimated animals (coding value = -1/10) ; a variable Oxygenation with mean 0 represented the 6 crabs submitted to hypoxia (coding value = -1/6), the 13 control crabs (coding value = 0), and the 4 animals subjected to normoxia (coding value = 1/4) ; and a variable Temperature with mean 0 represented the 3 crabs subjected to 10°C (coding value = -1/3), the 13 control crabs (coding value = 0), and the 7 animals subjected to 20°C (coding value = 1/7). The Interaction variable was created by multiplying the corresponding values of the oxygen and temperature treatment variables. There was also a small lack of orthogonality because of the imbalance of the experimental design (r(Oxygen, Interaction) = 0.04, r(Temperature, Interaction) = -0.08, r(Oxygenation, Temperature) = 0.09). The interaction was tested by performing an RDA with the 16 subunit abundances as response variables (Y), the Interaction term as the explanatory variable (X) and sex, exp3, Oxygenation and Temperature as covariables (W). No significant interaction was found (R2=0.03, p-value=0.53). The oxygenation and temperature effects were tested separately, with Oxygenation and Control or Temperature and Control as explanatory variables and sex and exp3 as covariables. No significant effect of either factor on subunit abundances in the native samples was found (R2=0.11, p-value=0.19 for oxygenation ; R2=0.12, p-value=0.09 for temperature). Results were not significant either when only the 8 more abundant subunits were considered. The next step was to determine whether the subunit composition was different between hexamers and dodecamers, in addition to the two dodecamer-specific subunits. For this, the 24 experiments on purified complexes were associated into a single data set with 48 observations (24 rows for dodecamer and 24 rows for hexamer composition) and a dummy binary variable accounting for the type of complex analyzed was created (Dodecamer = 1 for dodecamer or 0 for hexamer). Using the 16 subunits in a univariate permutation test against the complex type, without covariables, gave a significant p-value of 0.003. For clarity, the analysis was rerun with only the 8 more abundant subunits and gave a p-value
5.4. MANUSCRIT : RESPIRATORY ADAPTATIONS OF S. MESATLANTICA 199 FIG. 5.11 – Biplot graph of the canonical redundancy analysis (RDA) of the repartition of main subunits between Hc dodecamers and hexamers. Dotted arrows, explanatory variables ; full lines, response variables. Since only one canonical axis is present (the two explanatory variables "dodecamer" and "hexamer" are colinear), the second axis used for the graphical representation is the first PCA axis of the residuals. proportions and the explanatory variables (X) were the subunit relative abundances. The test was not significant (R2=0.57, p-value=0.959) and no change was observed when only the 8 more abundant subunits were taken into account (R2=0.28, p-value=0.811). Finally, a last analysis was led to determine whether the other hemolymph variables had a significant effect on complexes proportions. The canonical analysis (RDA) was performed with the 3 complexes proportions as response variables (Y) and the 8 hemolymph variables (protein, Hc, L-lactate, urate, and inorganic ions contents) as the explanatory variables (X). No covariable was considered since we examined the relationships between hemolymph composition and complex proportions in all conditions. The effect of hemolymph composition on complex proportions is significant (R2=0.27, p-value=0.001). The biplot graph shows that high dodecamer proportion and low hexamer proportion are correlated with high protein (Hc) content and lower sodium concentrations, while 18-mer proportion is positively correlated with calcium content and negatively with lactate, urate, magnesium and potassium contents (Figure 5.12). Hemocyanin properties Hemocyanin washed in crustacean physiological saline buffer was used to study the effect of pH, L-lactate, urate and Mg 2+ on its oxygen affinity. Segonzacia mesatlantica Hc has a very strong affinity for oxygen (P 50 =1.1-1.4 Torr at 15°C, pH 7.61). The Bohr effect is very pronounced (-1.4 to -2.7) compared to Carcinus maenas (-0.66 at pH 7.6 (Lallier, 1988)). S. mesatlantica Hc is also sensitive
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THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE
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i Résumé / Abstract Réponse adap
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iv SOMMAIRE 4.2 Objectifs de l’é
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FIG. 1.5 - Localisation des princip
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(a) FIG. 1.6 - Fonctionnement d’u
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134 CHAPITRE 4. PLASTICITÉ PHÉNOT
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Page 243 and 244: Bibliographie Adair, G. S. The hemo
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE 249 Svedberg, T. et I
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE 251 Vanin, S., E. Neg
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LISTE DES FIGURES 255 4.17 Profils
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TABLE DES MATIÈRES 261 4.3.5 Spect
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TABLE DES MATIÈRES 263 Table des m
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