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188 CHAPITRE 5. ADAPTATIONS RESPIRATOIRES DE S. MESATLANTICA (Sigma), or buffered at a different pH with HCl or NaOH solutions. All experiments were performed at 15°C ; the pH of an identical sample was simultaneously determined using a microelectrode (Orion, Thermo Corporation). Saturation of the sample for each PO2 step was determined from the absorbance measurement at 340 nm and the P 50 (P O2 for half-saturation) and n 50 (Hill coefficient) were determined using the Hill plot log( S (1−S) ) = f(log(P O2)) where S is the fractional saturation of the pigment. Statistical analyses Multivariate analysis methods must be used to carry out analyses of the whole data sets of hemolymph variables and of subunit compositions. Parametric multivariate analysis of variance (MA- NOVA) could not be used since the number of individuals for each experimental condition or control set was low (from 3 to 20 individuals). Canonical redundancy analysis (RDA) was used as a form of MANOVA, as proposed by Legendre and Anderson (Legendre et Anderson, 1999). RDA uses permutation tests of significance, which remain valid for small samples and non-normally distributed data. We used RDA to test the significance of the effect of the experimental conditions and obtain biplot graphs which present interesting representations of the relationships between the response variables and the experimental conditions. The functions rdaTest and graph.rdaTest, written in the R language by P. Legendre and S. Durand, were used for our analyses. See : http ://www.bio.umontreal.ca/legendre/indexEn.html 5.4.3 Results Hemolymph composition Segonzacia mesatlantica hemolymph has a high protein content with an average value of 117 µg/µl ± 44 % for all crabs (standard deviation calculated for all crabs). A high variability exists between crabs and values are comprised between 23 µg/µl and 200 and 282 µg/µl for the crabs with the highest protein content. Hc is always the main hemolymph protein in all crabs and accounts for approximately 80 % of all proteins in the hemolymph (Figure 5.5a). This result is confirmed when samples are analyzed by FPLC. For all measured inorganic ions, concentrations are in the range of those observed for the shallow water species Carcinus maenas (Robertson, 1960). For monovalent cations, sodium content is quite stable with an average value of 490 mM ± 7 %. Potassium levels remain low but show a higher variability than sodium with an average value of 10.7 mM ± 15 % (Figure 5.5b). These low potassium levels confirm that the cellular integrity of individuals is conserved at the end of the experiments and
5.4. MANUSCRIT : RESPIRATORY ADAPTATIONS OF S. MESATLANTICA 189 FIG. 5.5 – Hemolymph composition for control and acclimated crabs for each experiment. (a) total protein content and Hc/protein ratio ; (b) monovalent cations concentration ; (c) divalent cations concentration ; (d) organic ions concentration. Bars are average values ± standard deviations. c, control crabs, exp, experimental crabs, hypo, hypoxia, normo, normoxia. When present, the horizontal dotted line represents the average value for Carcinus maenas hemolymph.
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THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE
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i Résumé / Abstract Réponse adap
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iv SOMMAIRE 4.2 Objectifs de l’é
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2 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION Les éco
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4 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Mili
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6 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION Les prin
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8 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION TAB. 1.1
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10 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION et cycl
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FIG. 1.5 - Localisation des princip
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(a) FIG. 1.6 - Fonctionnement d’u
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16 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION TAB. 1.
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18 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION FIG. 1.
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24 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION le mili
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26 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION Capacit
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28 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION TAB. 1.
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30 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION 700 600
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32 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION férent
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34 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION (a) (b)
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40 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION 1 P 50
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42 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION presque
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44 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION affecte
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50 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION fure co
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52 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION amélio
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54 CHAPITRE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.5 Que
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56 CHAPITRE 2. ESI-MS ET MALLS APPL
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102 CHAPITRE 2. ESI-MS ET MALLS APP
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104 CHAPITRE 3. STRUCTURE DE L’HC
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134 CHAPITRE 4. PLASTICITÉ PHÉNOT
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136 CHAPITRE 4. PLASTICITÉ PHÉNOT
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Page 243 and 244: Bibliographie Adair, G. S. The hemo
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE 239 Catalina, M. I.,
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE 241 Farmer, C. S., J.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE 243 Hourdez, S. Adapt
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE 245 Mangum, C. P. Sub
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE 247 Rainer, J., C. P.
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE 249 Svedberg, T. et I
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BIBLIOGRAPHIE 251 Vanin, S., E. Neg
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Liste des figures 1.1 Cycle des mar
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LISTE DES FIGURES 255 4.17 Profils
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Table des matières Résumé Sommai
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TABLE DES MATIÈRES 261 4.3.5 Spect
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TABLE DES MATIÈRES 263 Table des m
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