ARBEITSGEMEINSCHAFT DER INSTITUTE FÜR ... - HAL - INRIA

ginnen lassen zusätzlich rezessive Mutationen erkennen. Rezessive Mutationen
zeigten sich bei den Linien, die mit flügelveränderten Drohnen besamt wurden.
Unter den Nachkommen waren bis zu 37 % Drohnen vorhanden, die gleiche
Veränderungen wie die ursprünglich ausgewählten Drohnen aufwiesen.
Im Unterschied zu den Flügelmutationen waren die Antennenveränderungen
offenbar nicht vererbbar, kein Nachkomme war mutiert. Jedoch wurde hier
nur eine Linie getestet, während bei den Flügelmutanten 5 Linien vorhanden
waren.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß es mit Hilfe von röntgenbestrahlten Königinnen
und der beschriebenen Kreuzungen möglich ist, rezessive Mutanten bei Bienen
zu erzeugen.
SUMMARY
Production of mutant drones by treatment with EMS and X-rays in honeybees
Drone-breeding queens were either subjected to 3 different doses of ethylmethanesulfonate
(EMS) (10 nl, 1 nl, 0.1 nl) or to X-rays (500 R, 1000 R,
2000 R). Except for the queens treated with 2000 R all queens produced drones.
The number of drones emerged was dosage dependent and decreased with higher
doses.
Drones of treated queens were inspected for clearly visible morphological
changes. Changes in the wings, antennae and legs were found. A greater number
of offspring of the X-ray treated queens than of the EMS treated queens showed
mutations.
Fort testing whether the changes were heritable, single drones of the X-ray
(500 R and 1000 R) treated queens were chosen for artificial insemination of
virgin queens. Larvae from these queens were later utilized to rear queens,
which should be heterozygous for heritable mutations. In these queens no changes
could be found. This means, that either the mutations are not heritable or that
the mutations are not dominant. But the haploid drones of these queens show,
whether recessive mutations are existing. Recessive mutations were found in those
lines which descended from drones with changes in the wings. Up to 37 % of
the offspring drones showed the same mutations as the originally chosen drones.
In contrast to mutations of the wings changes in the antennae were apparently
not heritable, no mutations in these offspring were found. However, only one line
was tested, whereas 5 lines showing wing mutations were examined.
The results show that it is possible to produce recessive mutations in
bees using X-ray treated queens and by using the breeding program described.