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Journal of Film Preservation - FIAF

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Les Archives cinématographiques de<br />

Slovénie<br />

Les débuts de l’activité cinématographique<br />

slovène remontent à 1905, lorsque Karol<br />

Grossmann tourna quelques mètres de<br />

pellicule à Ljutomer. Par la suite, la cinémathèque<br />

slovène connut quelques périodes<br />

de production intense (Bester, Metod et<br />

Badjura dans les années 20; des réalisateurs<br />

amateurs dans les années 30). Avant la<br />

deuxième guerre mondiale, l’association<br />

Prosvetna Zveza et plusieurs techniciens de<br />

l’entourage du preneur de son Rudi Omota et<br />

de l’opérateur Mario Foerster, établit les<br />

bases de la société de production d’Etat qui<br />

devait voir le jour après la guerre : la Triglav<br />

<strong>Film</strong> Ljubljana.<br />

Avec la hausse de la production, augmentèrent<br />

aussi les besoins en conservation. En<br />

1964, le Secrétariat Slovène de la Culture<br />

tira la sonnette d’alarme : une grande partie<br />

des films tournés avant et pendant la guerre<br />

étaient détruits. Triglav <strong>Film</strong> déposa quelques<br />

films à l’Association Slovène des Cinéastes<br />

qui, par manque d’installations adéquates, en<br />

rendit une partie au producteur, déposa une<br />

autre partie à la Jugolovenska Kinoteka et<br />

confia les négatifs des éléments les plus<br />

précieux à la Banque Nationale.<br />

D’autres faits marquants de l’histoire des<br />

Archives Slovènes du Cinéma furent<br />

notamment :<br />

- L’intervention du réalisateur France Stiglic<br />

à l’Assemblée de l’Education et de la Culture<br />

au Parlement, le 18 décembre 1964, lors de<br />

laquelle il souligna l’importance artistique et<br />

historique du documentaire comme élément<br />

de l’héritage cinématographique.<br />

- L’adoption de la loi de 1966 sur les matériels<br />

d’archives et l’archivage qui prévoyait la<br />

création d’un centre d’archivage.<br />

- La création, en 1968, d’un département du<br />

cinéma à l’Office du Registre publique de<br />

Slovénie dont la fonction était d’enegistrer,<br />

collecter, conserver et sauvegarder les<br />

matériels cinématographiques et de les<br />

rendre accessibles aux utilisateurs.<br />

- Depuis 1968, les Archives Slovènes du <strong>Film</strong><br />

ont sauvegardé une partie importante des<br />

films qui y ont été déposés (56 films des<br />

années 30, jusqu’à 1950).<br />

- En 1975, la maison de production Viba<br />

<strong>Film</strong> déposa les bandes son des films produits<br />

entre 1955 et 1965.<br />

Dans la deuxième moitié des années 80, les<br />

Archives Slovènes du <strong>Film</strong> ont pu développer<br />

leurs installations et équipements. Les<br />

Archives Slovènes du <strong>Film</strong> ont été admises<br />

comme Membre Provisoire en 1993 et<br />

comme Membre de la <strong>FIAF</strong> en 1999.<br />

exhibition. We can admit that our film archive reflects the situation <strong>of</strong><br />

Slovene cinematography. Recently archival material <strong>of</strong> TV programs has<br />

been added to the material <strong>of</strong> the film companies. The Association <strong>of</strong><br />

Slovene <strong>Film</strong>makers has tried to establish a film archive several times,<br />

but failed either due to lack <strong>of</strong> funds or lack <strong>of</strong> space and the lack <strong>of</strong><br />

understanding on the part <strong>of</strong> those who could help. But the foundation<br />

<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Film</strong> Archive is indispensable, it should include every single<br />

element. The Archives should be an institution that functions according<br />

to the standards and rules which are effective for other archival services.”<br />

Since then, the knowledge <strong>of</strong> the significance <strong>of</strong> archival film material<br />

(documentary and artistic) prevailed in Slovenia. In 1966, a law <strong>of</strong><br />

archival material and archives was approved. This law categorically<br />

defines film as archival material. In this way the legal basis was put in<br />

place. In this period the archives together with other similar institutions<br />

were not qualified to acquire and store such material. The Slovene<br />

Archive is aware that film material, due to specific characteristics,<br />

demands special instruments and experts. They suggested that such<br />

material should be concentrated in only one place, i.e., in the Public<br />

Record Office <strong>of</strong> Slovenia.<br />

Due to the already mentioned critical condition <strong>of</strong> the film material the<br />

archive proposed three possible solutions: the main one was to find an<br />

appropriate place or institution for the maintenance <strong>of</strong> the material. The<br />

archive pressed for this solution to be adopted. Two other “black” ways<br />

involved disposing <strong>of</strong> the material to the Jugoslovenska Kinoteka in<br />

Belgrade. This would mean it would no longer be available to the<br />

Slovenes or it would be surrendered to destruction and incalculable<br />

damage. The reason for the archive’s extreme proposals was the fact that<br />

in spite <strong>of</strong> the law and its efforts no financial resources had been<br />

appropriated for its implementation and for the activities <strong>of</strong> the film<br />

archive. Two years later the situation had changed. The Community <strong>of</strong><br />

Slovene Archives had entrusted the preservation <strong>of</strong> film to the Public<br />

Record Office <strong>of</strong> Slovenia. A film department had been founded on the<br />

basis <strong>of</strong> the statutory provisions in 1968. Its main function was to<br />

register, collect, maintain and protect the film material from damage and<br />

destruction and to make it accessible to users.<br />

Although the legislation had designated film as an archival material it<br />

had not ensured complete protection because the producers were<br />

obliged to deliver original film material to the archive only thirty years<br />

from the time <strong>of</strong> origin. This applied to written material as well. The fact<br />

that Slovenia had no available storehouses that enabled safe storage <strong>of</strong><br />

inflammable and explosive nitrate film presented serious obstacles.<br />

A third problem was that <strong>of</strong> staff. In spite <strong>of</strong> everything the Slovene <strong>Film</strong><br />

Archive is the second oldest such institution on the territory <strong>of</strong> the<br />

former Yugoslavia, after the Jugoslovenska Kinoteka in Belgrade founded<br />

in 1949.<br />

Triglav <strong>Film</strong> agreed to the foundation <strong>of</strong> the film archive within the<br />

Slovene Archive. After the liberation, Triglav <strong>Film</strong>, the only Slovene film<br />

company, had taken possession <strong>of</strong> most Slovene films shot in the decade<br />

82 <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Film</strong> <strong>Preservation</strong> / 58/59 / 1999

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