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Journal of Film Preservation - FIAF

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Morocco and Morocco<br />

images est impossible. Ce à quoi il faut ajouter un élément essentiel,<br />

qui fait liaison avec l’antique cinéma colonial, né dans les années<br />

1930. Le grand absent des fictions françaises et américaines, à propos<br />

de ces guerres coloniales et impériales, sera “ l’autre ”, l’adversaire,<br />

l “ indigène ” dont on ignore les motivations, les désirs et les rêves.<br />

Aux Etats-Unis la guerre du Vietnam semble finie, bien qu’elle ne soit<br />

pas encore “ digérée ”. Mais la guerre d’Algérie, elle, n’est pas tout à<br />

fait terminée en France. La date <strong>of</strong>ficielle de sa fin pose toujours<br />

problème. Pour certains anciens soldats d’Algérie, c’est le 19 mars,<br />

moment des accords d’Evian signés en 1962. Date contestée par les<br />

Européens qui retiennent qu’au-delà de cette date, les violences ont<br />

continué. Aucun des grands groupes porteurs de la mémoire de cette<br />

guerre - soldats, Européens, harkis - n’est d’accord sur la date de la<br />

fin d’une guerre qui se poursuit encore dans les têtes, et dans les<br />

cœurs. Et ce sont les immigrés maghrébins en France qui feront les<br />

frais de cette guerre sans cesse rejouée.<br />

Charles Silver<br />

Josef von Sternberg’s 1930 film, Morocco, was and is a clear reflection<br />

<strong>of</strong> the appeal to Western audiences <strong>of</strong> ersatz exoticism, a curiosity<br />

about the heightened state-<strong>of</strong>-being allegedly found in the tropics.<br />

This had been a Hollywood staple throughout the silent era, as<br />

witnessed by Ramon Navarro as The Arab, Ronald Colman as Beau<br />

Geste, Browning’s Under Two Flags, and Hawk’s Fazil. The genre<br />

perhaps reached its apex in the popularity <strong>of</strong> the Rudolph Valentino<br />

adventures, The Sheik and The Son <strong>of</strong> the Sheik.<br />

Even before movies, however, Westerners had marveled at the deserttravel<br />

journals <strong>of</strong> Sir Richard Burton and thrilled to tales <strong>of</strong> Kitchener<br />

and Chinese Gordon. More recently, the exploits <strong>of</strong> T.E. Lawrence, as<br />

recounted in his “The Seven Pillars <strong>of</strong> Wisdom”, had cast a further<br />

aura <strong>of</strong> mystery on the Arab world, lands seemingly more pure and<br />

vibrant than increasingly urbanized and industrialized Europe and<br />

America. The glamour <strong>of</strong> the Foreign Legion captivated<br />

impressionable Western imaginations, and Hollywood, with its own<br />

serviceable and accessible desert, stood ready to exploit this current<br />

fashion.<br />

It is clear that Morocco is a very great film, the finest work <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong><br />

the cinema’s foremost visual stylists, Josef von Sternberg. Sternberg<br />

had attained early success with Underworld, which virtually created<br />

the gangster movie, and the film immediately preceding Morocco, The<br />

50 <strong>Journal</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Film</strong> <strong>Preservation</strong> / 63 / 2001

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