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ÖmEr FArUK KAyA, OSmAn KETEnOğlU 48 analysis of another quality of the study area soils is that these soils have rich organic substance. Organic substance includes nutrients (especially nitrogen) needed by the plant and it also increases aggregation of soil granules (Table 1). It is seen that soil parameters are in optimal ratios for the plant growth. erefore, this shows that the reason for the weak vegetation in Karacadağ is the other factors (overgrazing, land clearing, temperature, etc.) apart from soil. Bioclimatic Analysis e climatic data are based on that of the Şanlıurfa, Diyarbakır, Siverek, Hilvan and Karacadağ stations (Anonymous 2005). e study area is under the influences of semi arid, coolcold and variants of Mediterranean climate (Akman & Daget 1971). First type of the East Mediterranean regime precipitation (W.Sp.A.Sm.) is seen in the study area. Arid period in all of the five stations lasts generally from the middle of April to October. July is the most arid and hottest month in all of the stations (Table 2). Table 1 – Analysis of the soils taken from the study area. Vegetation of the Study Area is study was conducted in Karacadağ which is the most important nature and plant area of Southeastern Anatolia region. Two alliances and five associations which belong to the steppe vegetation of Karacadağ which is a dormant volcano were identified (Figure 3). Astragalo erythrotaeni-Gundelion armatae Kaya & Ketenoğlu all. nov. Holotype: Astragalo erythrotaeni- Gundelietum armatae ass.nov. e alliance includes the associations which belong to the steppe vegetation with on altitude of 1000-1500 m in which brown forest soils are dominant. ere is not any tree or shrub layer in the floristic composition of the alliance and the associations that form the alliance compose only of grass layer. It is seen in the locations with the slopes of 4 and 35 degrees inclination. e alliance is represented in the study area with two associations. Many of the characteristic species composes of endemic and rare species which are specific to the region. Associations Saturation Salt pH CaCO3 P2O5 K2O Organic matter Texture (%) (%) (%) (kg/da) (kg/da) (%) Scrophulario armenae-Astragaletum akardaghici 60 0.073 5.9 1.5 24.5 108 3.6 Cl Astragalo erythrotaeni-Gundelietum armatae 65 0.080 6.5 1.5 10.9 51.8 5.4 l Symphyto aintabici-Phlometum kurdicae 60 0.073 5.9 1.5 24.5 107.7 3.6 Cl Taneceto orientali-Astragaletum gummiferi 62 0.073 6.0 1.4 24.5 108 3.7 Cl 60 0.080 6.9 1.5 15.5 60.4 2.7 l Thymo glabrescenti-Phlometum armeniaca 62 0.065 6.4 1.5 41.9 66.9 3.3 Cl Texture Legend: CL: Clay-Loamy, L: Loamy. Table 2 – Climatic data of the meteorological stations. Stations Altitude P PE S M m Q Prencip. Bioclimate (m) (mm) ( o C) ( o C) regime Şanlıurfa 547 458.1 5.4 0.13 39 2.7 42.9 W.Sp.A.Sm. Semiarid cool medit. Diyarbakır 677 479.4 8.5 0.22 38.6 – 2.1 40.4 W.Sp.A.Sm. Semiarid cold medit. Siverek 801 577.9 15 0.39 37.6 0.9 53.8 W.Sp.A.Sm. Semiarid cool medit. Hilvan 585 440.2 3 0.07 38.6 0.1 39 W.Sp.A.Sm. Semiarid cool medit. Karacadağ 1040 569 22.5 0.61 36.3 – 5.2 47.4 W.Sp.A.Sm. Semiarid very cold medit. P: mean annual precipitation in mm; M: mean maximum temperature ( o C) for the hottest month; m: mean minimum temperature ( o C) for the coldest month; Q: Emberger’s pluviothermic quotient: 2000 P/M 2 -m 2 ; PE: summer rainfall; S:PE/M: Emberger’s index of xericity; Sp: spring; W: winter; A: autumn; Sm: summer, medit.: Mediterranean. ecologia mediterranea – Vol. 36 (1) – 2010
A syntaxonomical and synecological research on the steppe vegetation of the Karacadağ Mountain (Şanlıurfa-Diyarbakır / Turkey) e alliance that characterizes a part of Southeastern Anatolian steppes is included in Astragalo microcephali-Brometea tomentelli Quézel 1973 class. e alliance could not be connected to any present orders in this class. e characteristic and differential species of the alliance are those; Alcea striata (DC.) Alef subsp. striata, Astragalus amblolepis Fisch., Astragalus erythrotaenius Boiss., Astragalus plumosus Willd. var. akardaghicus (Eig) D.F. Chamb. & Matthews, Cerasus microcarpa (C.A. Mey.) Boiss. subsp. tortuosa (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Browicz, Cicer echinospermum P.H. Davis, Crucianella exasperata Fisch. & C.A. Mey., Dianthus hymenolepis Boiss., Dianthus strictus Banks & Sol. var. gracilior (Boiss.) Reeve, Grammosciadium macrodon Boiss., Gundelia tournefortii L. var. armata Freyn & Sint., Lathyrus inconspicuus L. var. stenophyllus (Boiss.) Rech., Lens montbretii (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) P.H. Davis & Plitmann, Lotus gebelia Vent. var. hirsutissimus (Ledeb.) Dinsm., Medicago shepardii Post ex Boiss., Onobrychis megataphros Boiss., Onosmo rascheyanum Boiss., Paracaryum cristatum (Schreb.) Boiss. subsp. cristatum, Scrophularia libanotica Boiss. subsp. armena R.R. Mill, Torilis leptocarpa (Hochst.) C.C. Towns., Trifolium hausknechtii Boiss. var. candollei (Post) Hossain. Two associations which belong to this alliance were identified on between Karabahçe village and Kollubaba Hill (1400-1450 m) in the northwest and on Koh plateau (1340-1550 m) in the borders of Alatosun in the northeast of the study area. Scrophulario armenae-Astragaletum akardaghici Kaya & Ketenoğlu ass. nov. (Table 3) Holotype: relevé 28, East of Karabahçe village, Kollubaba Hill road, Lat: 37o 46’ 370’’ N, Lon: 039o 46’ 702’’ E, 1420 m, cover 60%, size of sample plot: 50 m2 . is association was identified at the altitudes of 1400-1450 m in between Karabahçe village and Kollubaba hill in the northwest of the study area. e association deploys in east and west directions. e association spreads on volcanic bedrock. e reaction of its soil is slightly asidic (pH 5.9). It has a soil structure with high organic matter (3.6%) and medium salty (0.073). e saturation is 60%. Texture class of the soil is clay-loamy. Astragalus plumosus Willd. var. akardaghicus (Eig) D. F. Chamb. & Matthews is dominant on the phys- ecologia mediterranea – Vol. 36 (1) – 2010 Figure 3 – Distribution of alliances on the Karacadağ. iognomy of the association and is highly distributed in the South and Central Anatolia. e association was connected to Astragalo microcephali-Brometea tomentelli Quézel 1973, alliance of Astragalo erythrotaeni-Gundelion armatae all. nov. When this association is compared with Arenario acerosae-Astragaletum akardaghici identified by Duman (1995) in Engizek Mountain in terms of Sørensen (1948) similarity index, it has a low similarity ratio such as 11.9%. 49
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