Vol. 32 – 2006 - Ecologia Mediterranea
Vol. 32 – 2006 - Ecologia Mediterranea
Vol. 32 – 2006 - Ecologia Mediterranea
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Résumés de thèses<br />
Vincent OLLIVIER<br />
Continuités, instabilités et ruptures<br />
morphogéniques en Provence<br />
depuis la dernière glaciation.<br />
Travertinisation, détritisme et incisions<br />
sur le piémont sud du Grand Luberon<br />
(Vaucluse, France).<br />
Relations avec les changements<br />
climatiques et l’anthropisation.<br />
Morphogenic continuities, instabilities<br />
and ruptures in Provence<br />
since the Last Glacial Period<br />
Travertinous deposits, detritism,<br />
incisions and anthropisation over<br />
the southern Grand Luberon piedmont<br />
(Vaucluse, France).<br />
Connections with climate changes<br />
and human occupations<br />
Keywords: Luberon, Provence, morphogenesis, last<br />
Pleniglacial, Postglacial, travertine deposits, incisions,<br />
sedimentation rhythms, palaeoclimate, palaeoenvironment,<br />
human occupations.<br />
<strong>Mediterranea</strong>n landscape evolution (southern Luberon,<br />
Vaucluse, France) from the last glacial period to the<br />
Holocene period is analysed through alluvial deposits and<br />
travertine system development linked to climate changes<br />
and human occupations. Results of geomorphological, sedimento-stratigraphical<br />
and physico-chemical analysis<br />
increased by archaeological and palaeoecological (malacology<br />
and anthracology) studies and about fifty 14C dating<br />
are the basement of a pluridisciplinary research on the<br />
links between Man and environment in <strong>Mediterranea</strong>n<br />
France.<br />
Around 50 Ky BP, numerous glacis formation, made up of<br />
torrential pebbles and reworked cryoclasts, covered the<br />
southern Luberon piedmont with frequently more than<br />
thirty meters thickness. At their bases several “red-soils”<br />
and their palaeontological content show the more temperate<br />
climate conditions of isotopic stage 3 interstadials in<br />
<strong>Mediterranea</strong>n region.<br />
Between the Last Glacial Maximum and the Lateglacial<br />
period (18-17 Ky cal. BP?), a major scale incision occurred<br />
with fastness. Since 15500 cal. BP, travertine and detrital<br />
deposits were developed. Inside this new morphogenetic<br />
96<br />
tendency, travertine formations located downstream karstic<br />
re-emergence are indicative of the Postglacial warming.<br />
These carbonated deposits are the oldest testimony of the<br />
restarting of the southern France Postglacial travertine<br />
accumulation. Then, around 9000 cal. BP and 6000 cal. BP,<br />
two main incisions occurred in alternation with embankment<br />
phases. The morphogenic dynamic of the first part of<br />
postglacial period seems to be linked to the bioclimatic<br />
changes.<br />
Since the Final Neolithic, in the context of growing human<br />
occupation, ruptures (incisions) in the travertine sequences<br />
have been recorded. These ruptures, of high frequency but<br />
low amplitude, were accompanied by facies changing and<br />
strong vegetation opening determined upon palaeoecological<br />
analysis. Travertine sensitivity in accordance with climato-anthropic<br />
biotope changes is underlined.<br />
Between the XIth and the XIIIth century A.D., the decline<br />
and the dismantlement of the travertine formations became<br />
noticeable. In the same way, the major linear talweg incision<br />
(well known in southern France but poorly chronologically<br />
discerned until now) was introduced in a morphogenic<br />
dynamic only partly interrupted after the XVIIth<br />
century A.D., during the Little Ice Age, by a detrital deposit<br />
phases. Then a final incision has occurred and it’s still happening<br />
today. Combined effect of climatic oscillations and<br />
human society occupation modes above the “natural environment”<br />
seem to be the main driving force of a bustling<br />
morphogenesis during the second part of the Postglacial<br />
period.<br />
Remy ALBRECHT<br />
2007<br />
Co-compostage de boues de station<br />
d’épuration et de déchets verts :<br />
nouvelle méthodologie du suivi des<br />
transformations de la matière organique<br />
Résumé de la thèse soutenue le 11 mai 2007.<br />
Jury <strong>–</strong> S. HOUOT, C. STEINBERG, S. ROUSSOS, J. LE PETIT, D. CAR-<br />
RON, G. TERROM et C. PERISSOL<br />
A fin d’éliminer et de valoriser les biodéchets, de nombreuses<br />
collectivités ont opté pour une plate-forme de<br />
compostage. Les exigences de qualité des composts nécessitent<br />
actuellement un nombre important de caractérisations<br />
physico-chimiques et biologiques. Nos objectifs ont donc<br />
été d’étudier les processus du compostage et de mettre au<br />
point une méthode simple et efficace de suivi de l’évolution<br />
chimique et biologique des composts.<br />
Notre étude a porté sur un compostage de six mois en<br />
andains constitués d’un mélange de boues de station d’épu-<br />
ecologia mediterranea <strong>–</strong> <strong>Vol</strong>. <strong>32</strong> <strong>–</strong> <strong>2006</strong>