Vol. 35 – 2009 - Ecologia Mediterranea - Université d'Avignon et des ...

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various community structures (according to larval species), and there were no significant differences regarding the larval communities of the various ponds from year to year (Figure 3) (F = 0.056; df = 3,32; p = 0.98 > 0.05, ANOVA). In permanent water bodies, where the water temperatures are below 20 oC, the dominant larvae were S. infraimmaculata. Above this temperature, all amphibian larvae were found (Table 4). In unpredictable habitats, where water is available for only a few months, not only S. infraimmaculata larvae, but also B. viridis larvae were discovered at temperatures below 20 oC. All other larvae, except for the above two species, grew above this temperature (Figures 2 and 3). The highest temperature at which amphibian larvae (R. bedriagae) were observed was 34 oC (Figure 4). ecologia mediterranea – Vol. 35 – 2009 Breeding site selection according to suitability for amphibian larval growth under various ecological conditions in the semi-arid zone of northern Israel Figure 2 – The periods during which amphibian larvae are found in the stream (St), springs (Sp) and pits (Pi) where the water temperatures are relatively constant and the water is available almost year round (SI = Salamandra infraimmaculata, HS = Hyla savignyi, RB = Rana bedriagae). R. bedriagae and P. syriacus are species that complete metamorphosis late in the season, during the summer. The biomasses of invertebrates at various breeding sites are presented in Table 3. A relatively low biomass of invertebrates was found in the stream and springs as compared to that found in the winter ponds. When comparing the ranges of the abiotic parameters of aquatic habitats for the species, T. vittatus, H. savignyi, P. syriacus and B. viridis, no significant differences were found (ANOVA p > 0.05, Figure 4, I-VI). However, the ranges of water temperature, soluble oxygen , electrical conductivity and ammonium concentration in aquatic habitats of S. infraimmaculata and R. bedriagae were significantly higher than those of the other species studied (ANOVA p < 0.05, Figure 4, I-IV). 69
TALI GOLDBERG, EVIATAR NEVO, GAD DEGANI 70 Figure 3 – The periods during which amphibian larvae are found in various ponds (Po) where water is available for only a few months throughout the year, as well as the water temperatures of the ponds. (SI = Salamandra infraimmaculata, TV = Triturus vittatus vittatus, HS = Hyla savignyi, BV = Bufo viridis, PS = Pelobates syriacus and RB = Rana bedriagae). Discussion Our data suggest that the distribution of amphibian species among the breeding sites is related to biotic and abiotic factors of the aquatic and terrestrial habitat, but not to the type of water body, e.g. larvae of salamandra were observed in all types of water bodies, according to temperature, and newts were found only in ponds in which the temperature was higher than the aquatic habitats of salamanders, as has been described previously (Degani 1982; Degani 1986; Degani & Kaplan 1999). In aquatic habitats in which salamandra and newt larvae were both present (Table 2), salamandra larvae populated the ecologia mediterranea – Vol. 35 – 2009
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ecologia mediterranea Revue interna
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Pr Thierry DUTOIT Éditeur en chef
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M. C. SMAILI, A. BLENZAR, A. J BOUT
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