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Treatment Species H 2SO 4 Refrigeration H 2SO 4 Refrigeration Incubation Scratching ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003, p. 153-164 INTERPRETING GERMINATION RESULTS BASED ON SEED SIZE, MASS AND ECOLOGICAL… ◆ Artemisia monosperma Del Calligonum comosum L. Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC. Juncus acutus L. Ranunculus sceleratus L. Bidens bipinnata L Cucumis prophetarum L Salvia lanigera Poir Asphodelus tenuifolus Cav. Crepis bulbosa (L.) Tausch Amaranthus paniculatus L. Carduus getulus Pomel. Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn Euphorbia granulata Forssk. Euphorbia helioscopia L. Forsskaolea tenacissimaL Kickxia aegyptiaca (L.) Nabelek Peganum harmala L Polypogon viridis (Gouan.) Breistr. Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb Cyperus capitatus Vand Lygos raetam (Forssk) Heywood Polygonum equisetiforme Sm. Table 3. Treatments applied for breaking dormancy used in the laboratory experiments for some of the studied species the soil surface. It is well known that these gravels serve not only to protect the underlying soil from water and wind erosion but also reduce moisture loss. Classification of the natural habitats from which the seeds of the present investigation were collected is presented in table 2. Nine habitats are arranged according to their moisture availability. The habitat of fallow fields attained the highest water holding capacity (76.14% ± 4.01) followed by that of canal banks (66.24% ± 3.08). The soil reaction (pH) in the habitats of the study area was generally alkaline, where the value ranged from a maximum of 8.61 in the saline soil to a minimum of 7.2 in the rocky cliffs and stony soil. Concerning the soil texture, three soil types were distinguished: loamy sand (five habitats); sandy clay loam (two habitats) and sandy soil (two habitats). Twenty-four plant species out of the sixty-six studied species were treated to break dormancy and to promote germination (table 3). Twelve of the treated species which attained highest germination percentage when incubated at 28-32 o C in the laboratory were those collected from the wadis (shallow gullies draining from northward to the sea, where a drainage system collecting water in amount that could be much greater than the recorded rainfall) or fallow fields. On the other hand, plant species containing mucilage materials on their seed coat or had leathery or woody coat were treated with H 2SO 4. In general, seeds of Cleome amblyocarpa, Citrullus colocynthis, Lygos raetam, and Calligonum comosum were the hardest to germinate. Some of the morphological variabilities in the seed form, shape and size of the studied species are illustrated in figures (1-3). As cited by many authors (e.g. Mayer and Poljakoff-Mayber, 1980; Baskin & Baskin, 1998) adhering fruit structure covers the dispersal units (seeds) of some families (e.g. Cyperaceae, Polygonaceae and Umbilliferae). These figures also show some of the characteristic seed dispersal structures such as the woolly structure surrounding the seeds of Forsskalea, the two retrorsebarbed bristles of Bidens achen, the pappus of simple hairs of Carduus, the woolly appearance of Cleome seeds and the tuff appendages of Calligonum. The mean seed size (mm) of the sixty-six species in this study as shown in table 1 are ranged from a minimum of 0.028 mm for Reseda decursiva collected from sand dune and 0.029 mm for Pulicaria arabica collected from rocky cliffs and stony soil to a maximum of 23.89 mm for Silybum marianum collected from canal banks. Seed mass ranged from a minimum of 0.155 mg for Pulicaria arabica collected from rocky cliffs and stony soil to a maximum of 42.704 mg for Pergularia tomentosa collected from wadis. It is worthy mentioned that freshly harvested seeds of most perennials were kept for a period of time before germination can take place. Generally, the germination percentage of seeds germinated in Petri dishes was notably higher than that germinate in pots under half and full water supply. Furthermore, germination on filter paper was relatively rapid and was completed in 2-5 days. However small seeded plants emerged radicles earlier than large seeded plants. The studied species were divided into two group based on their life forms; annuals, represented by 36 plant species (table 4) and perennials represented by 30 plant species. Results of germination under different water regimes (table 4) showed that at increasingly favorable moisture conditions the difference between small and large seed 159
160 ◆ L. M. M. BIDAK Seed parameters Germination effi ciency (%) Days of survival Species Annual species Size mass Petri-dish HFC Pot FC Petri Pot with (HFC) Adonis dentata Del. 0.7111 0.950 83 72 70 4 6 Amaranthus paniculatus L. 0.285 0.698 32 37 24 3 3 Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav 1.04 2.25 60 60 56 6 9 Astragalus annularis Forssk. 1.268 1.95 80 45 53 4 5 Astragalus hispidulus DC. 1.267 1.86 80 50 64 5 7 Astragalus asterias Steven 0.404 1.99 100 49 82 3 8 Bidens bipinnata L. 1.23 3.18 67 45 51 8 7 Carduus getulus Pomel .489 2.23 43 28 35 10 10 Cenchrus ciliaris L. 3.263 4.23 60 67 63 10 11 Chenopodium album L. 0.587 0.999 82 79 89 4 5 Chenopodium ambrosioides L. 0.316 0.435 71 74 80 2 2 Chenopodium murale L. 0.641 3.881 83 81 86 3 7 Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb. 2.222 2.52 60 36 46 11 13 Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Willd. 0.126 0.608 21 30 24 2 4 Datura innoxia Mill. 6.001 5.535 60 71 83 4 8 Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. 0.164 0.677 20 25 25 1 1 Euphorbia granulata Forssk. 4.8 15.436 61 70 69 8 9 Euphorbia helioscopia L. 1.943 2.049 37 41 38 3 5 Euphorbia prostrata Aiton 4.25 0.425 42 39 40 6 8 Fagonia latifolia Del. 0.091 0.629 65 54 58 2 1 Bassia indica (Wight) A.J. Scott 0.551 3.049 41 47 51 4 6 Lavandula coronopifolia Poir. 0.25 1.544 42 43 38 3 1 Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. 0.544 0.249 40 27 30 4 4 Polypogon viridis (Gouan.) Breistr. 0.0875 0.188 41 37 39 1 2 Plantago ovata Forssk. 1.649 2.31 52 60 66 9 8 Portulaca oleracea L. 0.40 0.493 70 82 85 5 7 Pulicaria arabica (L.) Cass 0.0295 0.155 52 44 41 2 1 Pulicaria incisa (Lam.) DC. 0.0679 0.961 41 48 50 2 1 Ranunculus sceleratus L. 0.503 1.85 43 17 28 6 5 Reseda decursiva Forssk. 0.028 1.184 41 45 52 3 3 Roemeria hybrida (L.) DC. 0.133 0.293 57 38 40 2 1 Senecio aegyptius L. 0.148 0.290 70 73 70 3 4 Silene conoidea L. 1.378 2.913 64 71 73 5 4 Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. 23.89 21.010 43 41 40 10 14 Trigonella stellata Forssk. 0.563 0.95 75 41 70 5 8 Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert. Perennial species 1.5441 0.249 24 31 29 4 3 Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl. 6.2 16.124 84 76 72 5 9 Artemisia monosperma Del. 0.16 1.184 37 45 39 2 3 Crepis bulbosa (L.) Tausch 0.158 1.043 42 43 39 3 2 Calligonum comosum L. 51.175 0.238 32 41 35 9 14 ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fascicule 2, 2003
Page 1 and 2: Tome 29 Fascicule 2, 2003 ISSN 0153
Page 3 and 4: Rédacteur en chef Managing editor
Page 5 and 6: Vegetation along an elevation gradi
Page 7 and 8: V-shaped. The depth of valley reach
Page 9 and 10: Habitat type C (%) P (%) Second dom
Page 11 and 12: ecologia mediterranea, tome 29, fas
Page 13 and 14: Al-Jabal Al-Akhdar could be conside
Page 19 and 20: 140 ◆ M. A. SHEIKH, M. E. MADY &
Page 32 and 33: Interpreting germination results ba
Page 34 and 35: INTRODUCTION ecologia mediterranea,
Page 36 and 37: Habitat Species Family Canal banks
Page 44 and 45: Potentiel hydrique et phénologie d
Page 46 and 47: INTRODUCTION ecologia mediterranea,
Page 54 and 55: POTENTIEL HYDRIQUE ET PHÉNOLOGIE D
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DIVERSITÉ GÉNÉTIQUE DE POPULATIO
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Figure 3. Dendrogramme établi à p
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218 ◆ M. BARBERO INTRODUCTION Une
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220 ◆ M. BARBERO frutescens, Pote
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222 ◆ M. BARBERO loppé avec, dan
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224 ◆ M. BARBERO La dégradation
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226 ◆ M. BARBERO ticum, Hepatica
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228 ◆ M. BARBERO — une unité p
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230 ◆ M. BARBERO tes crêtes de l
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232 ◆ M. BARBERO loppées sur tou
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234 ◆ M. BARBERO — constitution
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236 ◆ M. BARBERO Etage méso-méd
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238 ◆ M. BARBERO L’étage monta
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240 ◆ M. BARBERO Bibliographie Ce
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242 ◆ M. BARBERO CAILLIAU A., 200
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244 ◆ M. BARBERO terranéen dans
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250 ◆ FAITS DE CONSERVATION EN M
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262 ◆ ANALYSES D’OUVRAGES paysa
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264 ◆ ANALYSES D’OUVRAGES tradi
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