UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE, AIX MARSEILLE III - IMEP

More documents

Recommendations

Info

ABSTRACT Résultats et discussion. Chapitre 1 : Criblage des souches de L. edodes In Morocco, olive industry produces great amounts of Olive Mill Wastewater (OMW) in short time period (250 000 m 3 of liquid wastes in four months, November-February). Phenolic compounds are largely responsible for the phytotoxicity and antimicrobial effects of OMW. Several studies have been carried out focusing on the biological and enzymatic treatment of OMW. However, the use of OMW to produce value-added products, e.g. mushroom cultivation, are less explored. This research aimed to select shiitake mushroom, capable of growing on OMW, involving decolorization, removal of total phenol and high production of mycelial biomass. Sixteen strains of Lentinula edodes were evaluated for their tolerance to OMW, apical growth rate and biomass production on agar media. The highest biomass yields were recorded in four L. edodes strains (Le118, Le119, Le121 and Le122) grown in the presence of 20% (v/v) OMW. The ability of these pre-selected strains to decolorize and to remove total phenol from OMW was then tested by using the technique of liquid culturing, without any other nutriment supplement. L. edodes strain Le119 exhibited 65% decolorization along with 75% elimination of total phenol as resulted from Folin Ciocalteu assays. The laccase activity was the main lignolytic activity observed, with one isoform of the enzyme got stained on native PAGE with p-phenylenediamine as the substrate at pH 5.0. Keywords: Lentinula edodes, Olive Mill Wastewater, Solid State Culture, Liquid State Culture, Biomass, Total Phenol, Laccase, Detoxification. 55
1. Introduction Résultats et discussion. Chapitre 1 : Criblage des souches de L. edodes The production of olive oil is expanding in the Mediterranean region, which accounts for 95% of total worldwide production (Ismaili-Alaoui and Heddoun, 2006). Main producers of olive oil are Spain, Italy, Greece, Tunisia and Morocco (International Olive Oil Council, 2008). The extraction of oil from olives generates large quantities of liquid by-products, which have been estimated in excess of 30 x 106 m3 per year (Crognale et al., 2006). Chemical characteristics of these liquid wastes depend on olive varieties, as well as the olive oil extraction system. In Morocco, about 50% of olive oil production comes from traditional mills called “Maâsra”, which use the conventional “three-phase system” (Ismaili-Alaoui and Heddoun, 2006). A major drawback of this system is that huge amounts of olive mill wastewater (OMW) are discarded, containing a high concentration of polyphenols (Ben Sassi et al., 2006). OMW are now generating pollution problems in the Mediterranean region, particularly in Morocco, where suitable treatments for these effluents are poorly developed (Ben Sassi et al., 2006). Detrimental effects of OMW (Sayadi et al., 2000) on plant growth (Isidori et al., 2005), microbial activity, and soil properties have already been described (Saadi et al., 2007). The presence of phenolic compounds in high concentrations is considered the main factor from OMW causing harmful effects (Sayadi et al., 2000; El Hajjouji et al., 2007). Extensive research on white-rot basidiomycetous fungi has been conducted in order to select strains showing high detoxification capability (i.e., simultaneous removal of phenolic compounds and color) on OMW (Sayadi and Ellouz, 1993; D’Annibale et al., 2004). Other research efforts are focused on the use of fungal enzymes involved in the degradation of polyphénols (D’Annibale et al., 2000; Tsioulpas et al., 2002). The cultivation of edible mushrooms (Pleurotus or Lentinula) using OMW as a wetting agent has also been carried out (Zervakis et al., 1996; Kalmis and Sargin, 2004; Kalmis et al., 2008). Lentinual edodes (shiitake) is a white-rot mushroom 1 cultivated commercially, which has medicinal properties, as well as biodegradation and biotransformation abilities (Philippoussis et al., 2007; Israilides et al., 2008; Philippoussis, 2009). This species produces extracellular oxidizing enzymes capable of biodegrading lignin-related recalcitrant compounds, such as polyphenols (D’Annibale et al., 1998). The efficiency of polyphenol degradation by L. edodes is associated with several enzymes, including lignin peroxidase, 56
Page 1 and 2:
UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE, AIX MARS
Page 3 and 4:
Je remercie le Dr. Antonis PHILIPPO
Page 5 and 6:
Résumé L’objectif du travail a
Page 7 and 8:
2.2.4.2. Culture de champignons sup
Page 9 and 10:
3.7.1. La mesure de l’humidité .
Page 11 and 12:
Liste des Tables Tableau 1. Bilan m
Page 14 and 15:
1. INTRODUCTION Introduction Au Mar
Page 16:
Introduction L'utilisation de la fe
Page 19 and 20: Matériel et Méthodes Figure 2. Ev
Page 21 and 22: Matériel et Méthodes et de l’hu
Page 23 and 24: Matériel et Méthodes composition
Page 25 and 26: Matériel et Méthodes Il ressort d
Page 27 and 28: Matériel et Méthodes catéchol-m
Page 29 and 30: Matériel et Méthodes Pour une év
Page 31 and 32: Matériel et Méthodes nombreuses o
Page 33 and 34: Matériel et Méthodes agricoles (P
Page 35 and 36: Matériel et Méthodes b) Traitemen
Page 37 and 38: Matériel et Méthodes pour former
Page 39 and 40: Matériel et Méthodes (protéines,
Page 41 and 42: 2.4.2.5. Contrôle de la températu
Page 43 and 44: 2.4.4. Les avantages et les inconv
Page 45 and 46: Matériel et Méthodes 32
Page 47 and 48: Figure 9. Unité de trituration sem
Page 49 and 50: 3.3. Les milieux de culture 3.3.1.
Page 51 and 52: Matériel et Méthodes Mesure du po
Page 53 and 54: 3.5.4. La régulation des paramètr
Page 55 and 56: Matériel et Méthodes 0 et 10%. Ce
Page 57 and 58: Matériel et Méthodes méthanol gr
Page 59 and 60: Matériel et Méthodes gallique (1
Page 61 and 62: Matériel et Méthodes Tableau 11 .
Page 63 and 64: Résultats et discussion La partie
Page 65 and 66: Résultats et discussion. Chapitre
Page 67: Résultats et discussion. Chapitre
Page 75 and 76: 3.2. Biomass production Résultats
Page 89 and 90: 1. Introduction Résultats et discu
Page 93 and 94: 3. Results Résultats et discussion
Page 95 and 96: Ergosterol (mg) Résultats et discu
Page 97 and 98: Ergosterol content (mg.g -1 ) Résu
Page 99 and 100: D.O (mAU) Résultats et discussion.
Page 105 and 106: 1. Introduction Résultats et discu
Page 119 and 120:
Résultats et discussion. Chapitre
Page 121 and 122:
1. Introduction Résultats et discu
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Biomasse (mg.g -1 SPS) Résultats e
Page 129 and 130:
mg.g -1 SPS du substrat fermenté 4
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
ABSTRACT Résultats et discussion.
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
3. Results and discussion Résultat
Page 149 and 150:
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
Page 155 and 156:
Synthèse générale 142
Page 157 and 158:
Synthèse générale produits de l
Page 159 and 160:
Synthèse générale Suite à l’o
Page 161 and 162:
Synthèse générale molécules ren
Page 163 and 164:
Conclusions et perspectives 150
Page 165 and 166:
Conclusions et perspectives La mise
Page 167 and 168:
Références bibliographiques Réf
Page 169 and 170:
Références bibliographiques Bing
Page 171 and 172:
Références bibliographiques D'Ann
Page 173 and 174:
Références bibliographiques mill
Page 175 and 176:
Références bibliographiques Jo J.
Page 177 and 178:
Références bibliographiques Match
Page 179 and 180:
Références bibliographiques Pietr
Page 181 and 182:
Références bibliographiques Sebab
Page 183 and 184:
Références bibliographiques Zerva
show all

UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE, AIX MARSEILLE III - IMEP

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?