UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE, AIX MARSEILLE III - IMEP

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Résultats et discussion. Chapitre 5: Disponibilité des substrats oléicoles heat gain in the greenhouse was 10% higher than the outside. In accordance with the increased temperature and heat gain, the drying of the OC-OMW mixture was much faster in the greenhouse than outside (Fig. 4). Moisture content (%) Figure 4. Typical drying curve of the OC-OMW mixture in the greenhouse ( ) and open sun ( ) in Rabat-Morocco during February 2008; (a) First drying; (b) second drying. For the first drying, height hours of the day time were sufficient to reach the target moisture (40% w/w) in the greenhouse compared to 12 hours outside, which means that the drying process was some 1.5 times quicker in the greenhouse. For the second drying, the products obtained after 35 hours of drying including a night during which a very low loss of moisture occurred (less than 5% w/w in 10 hours) were also 3 times dryer in the greenhouse than outside (10% moisture against 30% w/w). The main limiting factor in the drying process corresponds to the very low drying efficiency achieved during the night period. This efficiency could be improved by implementing forced convection through the use of a fan powered with batteries recharged in the day by means of solar cell modules installed on the top of the greenhouse (Chow, 2009). Further, it is possible to imagine a complete automation of the absorption drying-process. OC may be loaded in the greenhouse with Archimedes screws and humidified with OMW through a dispositive of showers which could allow controlling precisely the humidity of the mixture. a Time (h) b 137
Résultats et discussion. Chapitre 5: Disponibilité des substrats oléicoles 3.4. Effect of the amount of OC-OMW mixture to be dried and location in the greenhouse To test the impact of these two parameters on the drying efficiency, five different amounts (10 to 35 kg/m 2 ) of OC-OMW mixture were loaded on the trays located in the lower and upper part of the greenhouse. The mixtures were dried during 2 days. Their final moisture is shown in Figure 5. Without surprise, higher was the amount to dry and slower was the drying process resulting in a product with higher moisture after the same time of drying. In this particular case, only the lowest amount tested (10 kg fresh weight/m 2 ) could be dried up to 10% moisture during the length of the experiment. A slight difference of moisture could be observed among the products dried in the lower and upper trays, but the difference was statistically not significant (P=0.05). Moisture content (%) Sample Figure 5. Effect of the amount of OC-OMW mixture to be dried and of its location in the greenhouse, bottom ( ) and top ( ) on the final moisture of the substrate after drying for 2 days. The initial moisture of the mixture was of 56% (w/w). 3.5. Chemical characterization of dried crude OC and OC-OMW mixture Chemical analysis results for the dried crude OC and the dried OC-OMW mixture are presented in table 2. Statistical analysis (P=0.05) showed significant differences in pH, C, N, C/N and total phenols, but no significant difference in fat content. Incorporation of OMW into OC allowed to increase by 24% of the protein content in the mixture compared to dried crude OC which is considered as a poor material for animal feed (Martin Garcia et al., 2003). However, this was counterbalanced by total phenol content which was 5 times higher than that in the dried crude OC since phenols are known for their anti-digestive properties (Grabber, 2009). On the other hand, this converted the OC-OMW mixture into a good raw Thickness (kg .m- 2 ) 138
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UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE, AIX MARS
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Je remercie le Dr. Antonis PHILIPPO
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Résumé L’objectif du travail a
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2.2.4.2. Culture de champignons sup
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3.7.1. La mesure de l’humidité .
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Liste des Tables Tableau 1. Bilan m
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1. INTRODUCTION Introduction Au Mar
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Introduction L'utilisation de la fe
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Matériel et Méthodes Figure 2. Ev
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Matériel et Méthodes et de l’hu
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Matériel et Méthodes composition
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Matériel et Méthodes Il ressort d
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Matériel et Méthodes catéchol-m
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Matériel et Méthodes Pour une év
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Matériel et Méthodes nombreuses o
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Matériel et Méthodes agricoles (P
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Matériel et Méthodes b) Traitemen
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Matériel et Méthodes pour former
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Matériel et Méthodes (protéines,
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2.4.2.5. Contrôle de la températu
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2.4.4. Les avantages et les inconv
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Matériel et Méthodes 32
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Figure 9. Unité de trituration sem
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3.3. Les milieux de culture 3.3.1.
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Matériel et Méthodes Mesure du po
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3.5.4. La régulation des paramètr
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Matériel et Méthodes 0 et 10%. Ce
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Matériel et Méthodes méthanol gr
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Matériel et Méthodes gallique (1
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Matériel et Méthodes Tableau 11 .
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Résultats et discussion La partie
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Résultats et discussion. Chapitre
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1. Introduction Résultats et discu
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3.2. Biomass production Résultats
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1. Introduction Résultats et discu
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3. Results Résultats et discussion
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Ergosterol (mg) Résultats et discu
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Ergosterol content (mg.g -1 ) Résu
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UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE, AIX MARSEILLE III - IMEP

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