UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE, AIX MARSEILLE III - IMEP

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Résultats et discussion. Chapitre 5: Disponibilité des substrats oléicoles 3.2. Drying of the mixture of OMW-Olive cake After a set of trials, it was found that the best way to perform the two step absorption- drying was the one shown in Table 1. Table 1. Optimized procedure for the two-step drying process of OMW absorbed on OC. The first step consisted to saturate OC with OMW (resulting product with 56% moisture w/w) and then to limit the drying of the mixture up to a final moisture of 40% (w/w). This level of humidity was found as a good compromise to achieve three objectives. It allowed the evaporation of enough water (42 L from 166 kg of OC-OMW mixture) to give to the partial dried OC-OMW mixture the capacity to absorb all the OMW remaining to absorb (25 L). It permeated to avoid the problems generated by a more intensive drying which could have affected the absorption capacity, because OC became more water repellent upon drying due to the shrink of the water absorbing solid material that it contains resulting in a loss of porosity of this material, porosity which is the driving motor of absorption (Liu and Lee, 2006). It also allowed a fast drying for this first step since the drying from a humidity of 56% to 40% (w/w) concerned mostly to free water which is easy to be removed (Ekechukwu, 1999). Quantitatively, the total mass of by-products (OC and OMW) generated by a maasra mill (78 kg / 100 kg of olives processes) can be reduced by 56.15% (final amount of 35-36 kg / 100 kg of olives processes) thanks to such drying. 135
Résultats et discussion. Chapitre 5: Disponibilité des substrats oléicoles 3.3. Drying kinetics of OC-OMW mixture A typical pattern of the first and second step of drying of OC-OMW mixture outdoor and in the greenhouse is shown in figures 3 and 4. The data shown are for an OC-OMW loading of 10 kg.m -2 . Solar radiation varied from 5 to 10 W.m -2 during the drying period. Temperature (°C) Temperature (°C) Time (h) Time (h) Figure 3. Change of temperature inside the greenhouse ( ) and open sun ( ) during the (a) first drying and (b) second drying of OC-OMW mixture in Rabat-Morocco during February 2008. The evolution of the temperature in the greenhouse was as expected from what is published in the literature for such systems (Ivanova and Andonov, 2001; Jain and Tiwari, 2004; Kooli et al., 2007; Janjai et al., 2009). It was significantly different from the outdoor temperature during the day time and part of the night (9:00 am to 11:00 pm) but identical to the outdoor temperature after 11:00 pm and up to 9:00 am (Fig. 3). In average, the air in the dryer was at 16°C higher than outside during the first period. This difference reached a peak at noon when the air temperature inside the greenhouse became higher than or equal to 50°C, a condition which was maintained for 3 hours (12:00 am to 3:00 pm). At this temperature the a b 136
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UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE, AIX MARS
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Je remercie le Dr. Antonis PHILIPPO
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Résumé L’objectif du travail a
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2.2.4.2. Culture de champignons sup
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3.7.1. La mesure de l’humidité .
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Liste des Tables Tableau 1. Bilan m
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1. INTRODUCTION Introduction Au Mar
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Introduction L'utilisation de la fe
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Matériel et Méthodes Figure 2. Ev
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Matériel et Méthodes et de l’hu
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Matériel et Méthodes composition
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Matériel et Méthodes Il ressort d
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Matériel et Méthodes catéchol-m
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Matériel et Méthodes Pour une év
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Matériel et Méthodes nombreuses o
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Matériel et Méthodes agricoles (P
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Matériel et Méthodes b) Traitemen
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Matériel et Méthodes pour former
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Matériel et Méthodes (protéines,
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2.4.2.5. Contrôle de la températu
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2.4.4. Les avantages et les inconv
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Matériel et Méthodes 32
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Figure 9. Unité de trituration sem
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3.3. Les milieux de culture 3.3.1.
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Matériel et Méthodes Mesure du po
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3.5.4. La régulation des paramètr
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Matériel et Méthodes 0 et 10%. Ce
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Matériel et Méthodes méthanol gr
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Matériel et Méthodes gallique (1
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Matériel et Méthodes Tableau 11 .
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Résultats et discussion La partie
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Résultats et discussion. Chapitre
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1. Introduction Résultats et discu
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3.2. Biomass production Résultats
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1. Introduction Résultats et discu
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3. Results Résultats et discussion
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Ergosterol (mg) Résultats et discu
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UNIVERSITÉ PAUL CÉZANNE, AIX MARSEILLE III - IMEP

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