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Influence of farming practices on population dynamics of the fossorial form of the water vole (Arvicola terrestris scherman) in Franche-Comté, France CELINE MORILHAT, NADINE BERNARD, CORENTIN BOURNAIS, CAROLINE MEYER, CELINE LAMBOLEY and PATRICK GIRAUDOUX Department of Environmental Biology EA3184 aff. INRA University of Franche-Comté, Place Leclerc, F-25030 Besançon cedex, France Thèse C. Morilhat 2005 97
Summary 1. Small mammals are the most important vertebrate pests in Central European agriculture. In Western continental Europe, cyclic outbreaks of Arvicola terrestris populations have caused dramatic grassland damage since the 1970s. One explanation could be that intensive agriculture has created homogeneous grassland ecosystems with a high risk of outbreaks. While the role of the landscape structure on A. terrestris outbreaks has been identified on a large scale, little is known about the quantitative effects of grassland management on a local scale. We aimed to investigate the impact, on a parcel scale, of farming practices on the A. terrestris population increases, in order to identify which practices may significant affect population changes and how they could be used to minimize the risk of outbreaks. 2. We examined different phases of an A. terrestris population cycle in agricultural parcels : low density, increase and high density. For each parcel, relative abundance of A. terrestris were estimated by an index method. Talpa europaea populations were also taken into account, as they may play an important role in the early stages of A. terrestris population increases. Farmers were interviewed about their land-use practices related to fertilisation, mowing, soil work and grazing. 3. Farming practices significantly influenced A. terrestris populations. Intensive farming practices (organic fertilisation and mowing) stimulated an early and more rapid growth of the A. terrestris population. In contrast, disturbances such as grazing and soil work were unfavourable to the abundance level of the A. terrestris population at the high density phase. 4. During increase phase, the A. terrestris populations reached higher abundance levels in the parcels where the relative abundance of T. europaea were initially higher. 5. Synthesis and applications. Habitat manipulation by land managers offers a promising alternative in more integrated control of A. terrestris outbreaks. We outline that practices indirectly disturb populations, such as grazing and ploughing dampened population dynamics in more heterogeneous agrosystems. Thus, rethinking the spatial arrangement of grazed, ploughed and mowed parcels may be an effective way to stabilize populations and facilitate the implementation of other control methods (e.g. trapping or chemical rodenticides). We also recommend controlling T. europaea and A. terrestris populations at low density phase. Thèse C. Morilhat 2005 98
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N° ordre : 1089 Année 2005 THÈSE
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- au cinéaste Jean-Pierre Riffet,
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4. TROISIÈME PARTIE : influence du
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7.3.4. Relation entre populations d
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MAE : Mesures Agri - Environnementa
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1.1.1. Typologies de dynamique et h
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- les forces ascendantes ou forces
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PHAE) par les Mesures Agri - Enviro
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N 60 km 1995 1994 1993 1990 1991 19
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2002 ). En Franche-Comté, 70% des
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leur colonisation (Delattre et al.,
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des espèces ayant développé des
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1.2.4. Interactions entre campagnol
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MICROTUS ARVALIS Pénétrabilité /
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Campagnol terrestre, taupe et campa
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2. PREMIÈRE PARTIE : suivi des pop
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Jura Figure 7 : Localisation géogr
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i1 i2 i3 10 m i4 5 m Figure 9 : Mé
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3. DEUXIÈME PARTIE : influence des
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parcellaire et la latence communale
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Densités relatives de Talpa europa
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- la somme de T. europaea de 2001 a
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Interactions T. europaea - A. terre
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- une compétition s’instaurerait
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Page 55 and 56: Tableau 5. Corrélations entre les
Page 59 and 60: - nombre de taches de bois et densi
Page 61 and 62: prairie ouverte) sont dominés par
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Page 65 and 66: 5.2.1.2. Détermination des Fréque
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Page 71 and 72: d’étude» (Rodriguez et al., 200
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Page 75 and 76: 5.3.2.4. Relation entre populations
Page 77 and 78: Pour cette raison, il a été déci
Page 79 and 80: Influence des Groupes Fonctionnels
Page 81 and 82: Figure 21. Un herbomètre (Fabricat
Page 83 and 84: La relation entre les paramètres s
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Page 87 and 88: 5.4.2.1.2. Estimation des densités
Page 89 and 90: 5.4.2.2. Résultats 5.4.2.2.1. Eche
Page 91 and 92: Tableau 14. Corrélations entre var
Page 93 and 94: A. terrestris Nos résultats (Table
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Page 97 and 98: micromammifère estimées dans la p
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Page 107 and 108: Correlations between population dyn
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Page 113 and 114: cannot thus be considered as an alt
Page 115 and 116: Gilg, O., Hanski, I., & Sittler, B.
Page 117 and 118: Meylan, A. & Höhn, H. (1991) Taupe
Page 119 and 120: Table 1. Description of the 13 farm
Page 121 and 122: Table 3. Correlations between farmi
Page 123 and 124: Squared symbols are sampling parcel
Page 125 and 126: Fig. 2. A. terrestris relative abun
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Page 129 and 130: 6.3. Relation entre populations de
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Page 133 and 134: communale) et intègre les DR de T.
Page 135 and 136: Conclusion La précocité du démar
Page 137 and 138: 7.2.2. Analyses pédologiques La va
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des dynamiques de populations de A.
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Perspectives de recherche Les résu
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T. europaea et M. arvalis Malgré l
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Tableau 18. Corrélations entre les
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Figure 16. Cercle des corrélations
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Bergeron, J.M. & Jodoin, L. (1983)
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Crick, H.Q.P., Baillie, S.R., Balme
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Duchaufour, P. (1995) Pédologie :
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echinococcosis: strategy for eradic
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Hedin, L., Kerguelen, M., & De Mont
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Korpimaki, E., Brown, P.R., Jacob,
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Moissenet, M.F. (1994) Prairies et
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R-Development-Core-Team (2004) R: A
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Taitt, J. & Krebs, C.J. (1985). Pop
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11. ANNEXES Liste des annexes Annex
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DOLE Automne 2003 LONS-LE-SAUNIER C
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ANNEXE 3. Fiches d’identité de A
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Vergers : pommiers, pruniers. Les r
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taupinières caractéristiques. La
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Nom commun : Nom latin : Campagnol
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ANNEXE 4. Contributions absolues de
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ACP « caractéristiques pédologiq
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ANNEXE 6. Commentaires des referees
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The sentence has been modified (pag
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ANNEXE 7. Formulaire mis au point p
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