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Ecologie des foraminifères planctoniques du golfe de Gascogne ...

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tel-00480660, version 1 - 4 May 2010<br />

INTRODUCTION GENERALE………………………………………………………………….13<br />

8<br />

1. Contexte actuel………………………………………………………………………………13<br />

2. Etu<strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> isotopiques…………………………………………………………………………...14<br />

3. Marge continentale…………………………………………………………………………..14<br />

4. ANR FORCLIM (2006-2009)……………………………………………………………….15<br />

5. Objectifs……………………………………………………………………………………..15<br />

CHAPITRE I : Contexte <strong>de</strong> l’étu<strong>de</strong>…………………………………………………………….19<br />

1. Généralités sur les <strong>foraminifères</strong> <strong>planctoniques</strong>…………………………………………….21<br />

1.1. Evolution ....................................................................................................................... 21<br />

1.2. Biogéographie et écologie ............................................................................................. 22<br />

2. Zone d’étu<strong>de</strong> – Le Golfe <strong>de</strong> <strong>Gascogne</strong> .................................................................................. 28<br />

2.1. Généralités et héritage géologique <strong>du</strong> Golfe <strong>de</strong> <strong>Gascogne</strong>............................................ 28<br />

2.2. Contexte hydrographique <strong>du</strong> Golfe <strong>de</strong> <strong>Gascogne</strong>.......................................................... 29<br />

2.3. Variations saisonnières .................................................................................................. 31<br />

2.4. Cycle <strong>du</strong> plancton dans le Golfe <strong>de</strong> <strong>Gascogne</strong> .............................................................. 33<br />

2.5. Zone d’étu<strong>de</strong> – Le Plateau <strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> Lan<strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong> et le canyon <strong>de</strong> Cap Breton.............................. 35<br />

3. Matériel et métho<strong><strong>de</strong>s</strong>.............................................................................................................. 36<br />

3.1. Missions océanographiques........................................................................................... 36<br />

3.2. Au laboratoire ................................................................................................................ 40<br />

CHAPITRE II : Pro<strong>du</strong>ction <strong>de</strong> <strong>foraminifères</strong> <strong>planctoniques</strong> le long d’un transect<br />

bathymétrique dans le Sud <strong>du</strong> Golfe <strong>de</strong> <strong>Gascogne</strong> (publié dans Continental Shelf Research)43<br />

1. Intro<strong>du</strong>ction............................................................................................................................ 46<br />

2. Oceanographic setting ........................................................................................................... 47<br />

3. Ecological setting and plankton succession........................................................................... 49<br />

4. Materials and Methods .......................................................................................................... 49<br />

5. Environmental conditions <strong>du</strong>ring sampling........................................................................... 51<br />

6. Distribution of planktic foraminiferal standing stocks and empty tests ................................ 53<br />

6.1. Distribution of cytoplasm bearing tests......................................................................... 53<br />

6.2. Distribution of cytoplasm bearing tests in relationship to environmental parameters .. 55<br />

6.3. Distribution of empty tests ............................................................................................ 56<br />

7. Discussion.............................................................................................................................. 58<br />

7.1. Regional differences in the distribution of living planktic foraminifera ....................... 58<br />

7.2. Seasonal changes in plankton pro<strong>du</strong>ction and abundance of living planktic foraminifera59<br />

7.3. Surface water salinity and standing stocks of planktic foraminifera............................. 60<br />

7.4. Distribution of empty tests and implication on fossil assemblages............................... 61<br />

8. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 62

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