Ecologie des foraminifères planctoniques du golfe de Gascogne ...

tel-00480660, version 1 - 4 May 2010
Species Silicates Reproduction Level of calcification
G. bulloides
G. siphonifera
G. calida
low silicates
concentrations
(Ufkes et al. 1998)
They are found throughout the water column above 400m, but mainly in
and above the thermocline. While it is not restricted to the photic zone in
cooler waters where the non-spinose species are most dominant
(Hemleben et al 1989); reproduction in the upper 60 m ; reproduction in
the 1st week after full moon (Schiebel et al 1997)
Semi-lunar cycle (Bijma et al 1990b) "antycyclone sp" (Ravula, 2004)
T. quinqueloba Could have a cycle of reproduction lunar (Hemleben et al., 1989)
G. glutinata In winter, life cycle of 21 +-5days (Bijma et al 1990b)
G. uvula
G. ruber (white)
G. trilobus trilobus
High
concentrations of
silicium (Chen,
1966)
Bilunar reproduction ?, because small forms after full moon (Schiebel et al
1995)
Biweekly (semilunar) (Hemleben et al., 1989) ; pop max around 9 days
after full moon (Bijma et al 1990b)
G. trilobus sacculifer Monthly (lunar) (Hemleben et al, 1989)
G. hirsuta
G.inflata
G. scitula
G. truncatulinoides senestre
G. truncatulinoides dextre
N. pachyderma dextre
pachyderma senestre
P-D intergrade-dutertrei
O. universa
H. pelagica
high silicate
concentration
(Ufkes et al 1998)
Low silicates
concentration
(Ufkes et al 1998)
Reproductive cycle much longer than a month, perhaps an annual or semiannual
cycle (Hemleben et al 1988); reproduces during the winter in the
locale of Bermuda, but vanishes during other seasons (Healy-Williams et
al., 1989)
Should have a monthly reproduction cycle, during phytoplanctonic bloom
(Spring) the cytoplasm is green due to consommation of chysophytes
(Hemleben et al., 1989)
Life cycle unusual (Zaric et al 2000); Annual cycle? (Hemleben et al 1989);
Juveniles go to the surface and grow in surface (Bé, 1977, Hemleben et
al., 1989; Schiebel and Hemleben, 2005)
Annual cycle? (Hemleben et al 1989); Juveniles go to the surface and
grow in surface (Bé, 1977, Hemleben et al., 1989; Schiebel and
Hemleben, 2005); Ascends from the deep sea to the sea surface during
earling spring, possibly at the margins of the subtropical gyres (Hemleben
et al., 1985; Schiebel et al., 2002)
Densities of SS Orbulina universa decrease after full moon, and between
full moon almost exclusively PSS = lunar reproductive cycle (Bijma et al.
1990) ; Biweekly - semilunar cycle (Hemleben et al., 1989)
Lunar cycle, of 30 days (flux max ~12,5 days after full moon; rythme ~5 +-
2 days after full moon (Loncaric et al., 2005), (already thought by
Hemleben et al in 1989). Lunar cycle reproduction (Spindler et al., 1979).
Before full moon, they live in 0-5m (Elat/Aquaba sea) and desappear after
full moon (Bijma et al 1990b). Lunar periodicitiy continued in H. pelagica
under laboratory conditions where it was isolated from the influence of
moonlight (Spindler et al., 1979)
around 18,8°C (Peeters, 2000)
calcify between 50-75m (Hemleben et al. 1989), continue their growth
during their diving toward deeper waters (100m) (Deuser et al,
1981,Deuser, 1987); calcifies below the mixed layer (under 100m)
(Wilke and Peeters, in prep.)
Calcifies in the upper thermocline (Ortiz et al, 1996); the calcification
depth range of Globigerina calida is comparable to G. inflata, whereby
the depth level of highest growth rate of G. calida is found deeper, i.e.
below the thermocline, and only 17% of its calcite is built up in the
mixed layer calcifies below the thermocline (Wilke and Peeters, in
prep.)
calcifies over a narrow depth range in surface water, confined to the
surface mixed layer (Wilkes and Peeters, in prep)
Calcify around 25m depth (Hemleben et al., 1989); calcifie beneath the
thermocline (70-100m) (Wilke and Peeters, in prep)
Continue their growth during their diving to deep waters (100m)
(Deuser et al, 1981,Deuser, 1987)
Precipited 20% of its total shell mass in the mixed layer, when mixed
layer deeper : 64% (water stratification dependance (Wilke and
Peeters, in prep.)
Resides within the Shallow Salinity Minumum (potential density = 25,1-
26,7) (Ortiz et al 1996)
Continue their growth during their sinking to deeper waters (100m)
(Deuser et al., 1981; Deuser, 1987); single calcification at 350m or 30%
at the surface and 70% at 800m (modelisation propose by LeGrande et
al. 2004 (Loncaric et al., 2006; Cléroux et al., 2007); calcifies a lttle
deeper than G.inflata (Cléroux et al, 2007)
Continue their growth during their sinking to deeper waters (100m)
(Deuser et al, 1981,Deuser, 1987); single calcification at 350m or 30%
at the surface and 70% at 800m (LeGrande et al. 2004)
Calcify in upper part of water column 25m (Peeters, 2000), calcify in the
upper thermocline (Ortiz et al, 1996)
calcify around 15°C (Hemleben et al, 1989)
When she sinks, she calcifies (Hemleben et al 1989), continue their
growth during their sinking to depth waters: 25-50m to deeper, in
sargasso sea (Deuser et al., 1981; Deuser, 1987)
H. pelagica juvenile : would calcify under the euphotic zone, then
exceded 6-10 chbers, vertical migration to surface (Hemleben et al
1989)