Ecologie des foraminifères planctoniques du golfe de Gascogne ...

tel-00480660, version 1 - 4 May 2010
Geography - distribution Depth of life Species
Surface, upper 60m (Schiebel et al 1997) 0-300m (Bé and Hamlin, 1967) ;
Subpolar to tropical (Bé, 1977, EMIDAS). Typical species in transitionnal to polar,
"Intermediate water" (Bé, 1977). They are found throughout the water column
abundant in upwelling area (Hemleben et al., 1989). Waters rich in nutrients (Arabian
above 400meters, but mainly in and above the thermocline. While it is not
Sea) (Conan and Brummer, 2000). Abundant in Subartic and subantartic area where
restricted to the photic zone in cooler waters where the non-spinose species are
it represents + 50% of the assemblages (Pujol, 1980).
most dominant. (Hemleben et al 1989)
Tropical to transitionnal (Bé, 1977, EMIDAS) maximal developpemnt from 40 to 45°N
(Pujol, 1980)
Tropical to subtropical species, living in oligotrophic environment (Schmuker et
Schiebel, 2002; EMIDAS); antycyclone eddies species (Ravula, 2004)
Tropical to polar (EMIDAS). Subartic and subantarctic Provinces (Bé, 1977);
becomes abundant in transitional and polar water masses (Hilbrecht, 1996); found in
waters with temperatures higher than 21°C in the Arabian Sea and off the Great
Barrier Reef (Brummer and Kroon, 1988; Darling et al., 2000), But in high abundance
in the North Atlantic polar province of the Fram Strait, even under sea ice (Carsten et
al., 1997). Their abundance would decrease from high latitudes to low ( Parker,
1962; Vincent et Berger, 1981)
Tropical to subpolar (EMIDAS). Subtropical province (Bé, 1977); In cyclonic eddies,
in nutrients rich area (Kuroyanagi and Kawahata, 2004; Machain-Castillo et al 2008)
Subtropical to polar (EMIDAS); subpolar (Bé and Tolderlund,1971); Subartic (Pujol,
1980); polar or subpolar (Schiebel and Hemleben, 2005)
Tropical (Fairbanks et al 1982 ; Hemleben et al 1988).Tropical to temperate
(EMIDAS); Subtropical province (Bé, 1977); abundance maximum around
subtropicale zone, but very common in tropical area (Bé, 1977); arround 40°N in
Iberic coast during summer 1962 (Bé and Hamlin, 1967); Signaled arround 49°59N
12°W (Sime et al 2005).
Tropical to subtropical (Pujol, 1980); no signaled beyond that iberic coast (Sime et al
2005; Bé, 1977; Pujol, 1980)
Tropical (Bé, 1977). Tropical to temperate (EMIDAS)
Subtropical to transitionnal (Bé, 1977; EMIDAS)
Transition zone, the only one really indigenous (Bé, 1977); temperate (EMIDAS);
transitionnal to subpolar (Pujol, 1980) in oceanic front area (Rohling et al 1995);
Stress habitat in the upper part of the main thermocline; preferred habitat = base of
the seasonal thermocline (Cléroux et al., 2007) In oceanoic front area (Schiebel et
al., 2002)
Subpolar to transitionnal (Pujol, 1980); subpolar to tropical (EMIDAS). Temperate
region (Hemleben et al, 1989); common in Californian current, but especially at the
site 121km offshore (Ortiz et al, 1995)
Subtropical in winter or transitionnal (Pujol, 1980); tropical to temperate (EMIDAS)
Subtropicale d'hiver ou transitionnelle (Pujol, 1980); tropical to temperate (EMIDAS);
Low abundance in South hemisphere (Parker, 1971)
Subtropical to polar (EMIDAS), subartic-subantarctic Provinces; from Cap Htteras to
Bay of Biscay (Bé,1977); max concentration between 45°-60°N (Pujol, 1980)
Subtropical to polar (EMIDAS), alone shape to live in Arctic ocean (Bé, 1960) Artic-
Antarctic Provinces (Bé,1977). Senestral more present in Arctic ocean, Labrador
Sea, Greenland Sea and Norvegian Sea (Ericson, 1959); rare individus beyond that
40°N (Pujol, 1980)
"Intermediate water" (Bé, 1977) surface to subsurface (EMIDAS), intermediate
waters (Pujol, 1980)
Life in surface (EMIDAS). Seem to be restricted to deeper water (Hemleben et
al., 1989); 0-250m (Wilke and Peeters,in prep)
Surface - subsurface (Bé, 1977, Bé and Tolderlund, 1971, EMIDAS).
Abundance max under 500m, often with highest frequency occasionnaly below
the mixed layer, may be low sinking velocity (Schiebel et al, 2000). Life meanly
in photic zone (Hemleben et al 1989). Live in surface (Pujol, 1980).
"Intermediate water" (Bé, 1977) suface to subsurface (Hemleben et al., 1989;
EMIDAS); 50-100m (Pujol, 1980). Shallow dwelling sp (Wilkes and Peeters, in
prep)
G. bulloides
G. siphonifera
G. calida
T. quinqueloba
G. glutinata
Surface to subsurface (EMIDAS); profonde (Pujol, 1980) G. uvula
Life in surface (Bé, 1977; Hemleben et al 1989; EMIDAS). Superficial waters
(Jones, 1967); life upper 25m in equatorial Atl (Boltovskoy an Wright, 1976)
G. ruber (white)
Life in surface (Bé, 1977; Pujol, 1980; Hemleben et al., 1989) G. trilobus trilobus
Life in surface (Bé, 1977; Hemleben et al., 1989, EMIDAS); surface to
intermediate waters (Pujol, 1980)
Subsurface to deep (EMIDAS), reproduction like G. truncatulinoides in surface
waters (Hemleben et al 1989)
"Deep-Water" (Bé, 1977). Life in subsurface, up to 100m (Schiebel et al 2002) ;
intermediate deep water depths (Wilke and Peeters, in prep.); When the Base of
the summer thermocline is warmer than 16°C, T°C iso of Inflata indicate a
deeper habitat, during winter, inflata lives in the mixed-layer (Cléroux et al.
2007). "We found maximum concentrations of G. inflata within the thermocline,
which is in agreement with observations by Fairbanks et al. (1982)" (Wilke et al.
2006)
"Deep-Water" Bé, 1977 ; mostly in subsurface (EMIDAS). Deep dweller (Erez
and Honjo, 1981). Schiebel 1995 has found them from surface to 1000m (Bé,
1960 ; Bé, 1977, Ortiz et al 1996). At Spring, would life close to surface and 'ld
sink in deep water(Hemleben et al, 1989); present (50-100m) and present in
shallower water (Oberhansli et al, 1992); need not be adapted to a subsurface
habitat is not entirely ruled out by our data (Ortiz et al 1996). G scitula occurs in
surface water may have been the result of vertical transportation (Ottens, 1992).
G.scitula is a deep dwelling species that lives more abundantly than other
species in the export zone and was found there in situ (Erez and Honjo, 1981;
Hemleben et al., 1989).
"Deep-Water" Bé, 1977; zone epipélagic from Nov to May, then undert more
than 300m depth (Pujol, 1980). Deep, surface during reproduction (Hemleben et
al., 1989; Schiebel et Hemleben, 2005; EMIDAS)
"Deep-Water" Bé, 1977; zone epipélagic from Nov to May, then undert more
than 300m depth (Pujol, 1980); Deep, surface during reproduction (Hemleben et
al., 1989; Schiebel et Hemleben, 2005; EMIDAS)
"Deep-Water" (Bé, 1982); max abondance from 100-400m but could go until
1500m(Vergnaud-grazzini, 1973). His vertical distribution is related with
pycnocline (Kuroyanagi and Kawahata, 2004); Surface to subsurface (EMIDAS)
Arround 200m depth (Bé, 1960), "Deep-Water" (Bé, 1982) ; surface to
subsurface (EMIDAS)
Thermocline dweller (Peeters, 2000; Fairbanks et al., 1982); Surface to
subsurface (EMIDAS)
G. trilobus sacculifer
G. hirsuta
G.inflata
G. scitula
G. truncatulinoides senestre
G. truncatulinoides dextre
N. pachyderma dextre
pachyderma senestre
P-D intergrade-dutertrei
Tropical to subpolar (Hemleben et al., 1989), transitionnal (Pujol, 1980) "intermediate Water" (Bé, 1977); Surface (EMIDAS) O. universa
Tropical to subtropical extremely rare on the sea bed (Parker and Berger, 1971),
Subtropical, important in Atlantic W from Caraibean Sea to south of Québec, and in
South Atlantic, between Brasil and Cap Town (Bé and Tolderlund, 1971)
Likes deep waters as G.truncatulinoides and crassaformis (Jones, 1967; Bé and
Tolderlund, 1971); considerate like intetrmediate species (Pujol, 1980); >60m
(Schiebel et al 2002)). Between 50-100m (Bé, 1977); Surface to subsurface
(EMIDAS)
H. pelagica