Proceedings of the Second Mediterranean Symposium on Marine
Proceedings of the Second Mediterranean Symposium on Marine
Proceedings of the Second Mediterranean Symposium on Marine
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THE SITUATION OF CAULERPA SPECIES AROUND TURKISH COASTS<br />
ükran CIRIK and Barıs AKÇALI<br />
Çanakkale 18 Mart University Faculty <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> Fisheries Terzioglu Campus 17100 Canakkale/TURKIYE<br />
cirik@comu.edu.tr<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
This paper is about <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> studies which have been d<strong>on</strong>e to find out <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> distributi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
Caulerpa species around Turkish Coasts (Aegean and <str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g>). With this project it<br />
was targeted to m<strong>on</strong>itor <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> invasi<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Caulerpa species existing in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g> coasts. During project, as well as <str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g> endemic species such as<br />
Caulerpa prolifera and Caulerpa ollivieri, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Lessepsian species such as Caulerpa<br />
racemosa and its varieties (Caulerpa racemosa var. occidentalis, Caulerpa racemosa<br />
var. lamourouxii form. requenii), Caulerpa scalpelliformis were encountered.<br />
KEYWORDS: Invasive, Lessepsian, Caulerpa, <str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
The <str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g> Sea, where many civilisati<strong>on</strong>s evolved, is <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> most utilized and<br />
benefited sea by man. Coastal states <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g> Basin receive a share more<br />
than 70 % <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> world tourism and have been bearing <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> most c<strong>on</strong>centrated human<br />
populati<strong>on</strong>. Especially <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Anatolia and its coasts, due to its climatic, geological and biogeographical<br />
c<strong>on</strong>diti<strong>on</strong>s, show a c<strong>on</strong>tinent characteristics and bears as many species as<br />
that may occur in a c<strong>on</strong>tinent. <str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g> Sea has a high biodiversity. A rough<br />
estimate <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> more than 8500 species <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> macroscopic marine organisms should live in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g> Sea, corresp<strong>on</strong>ding to somewhat between 4% and 18% <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> world marine<br />
species (Bianchi & Morri, 2000).<br />
However, <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> list <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> exotic animals and plants that invaded <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g> is getting<br />
l<strong>on</strong>ger everyday. Besides <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> afore-menti<strong>on</strong>ed Lessepsian migrati<strong>on</strong>s, species are<br />
intenti<strong>on</strong>ally or accidentally introduced into <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g> via ship fouling, ballast<br />
waters, aquaculture, trade <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> living bait, wrapping <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> fresh seafood with living algae,<br />
aquariology and even scientific research (Bianchi & Morri, 2000). The last threat, invasi<strong>on</strong><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> exotic species –in this case lessepsian migratory species –, after <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> opening <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
<str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Channel has increasingly been observed al<strong>on</strong>g <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Anatolian coasts. According to<br />
Boudouresque et al. (2002) <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g>re might be 85 introduced species in <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>Mediterranean</str<strong>on</strong>g>.<br />
At <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g> Experts Working Group Meeting, organised by United Nati<strong>on</strong>s Envir<strong>on</strong>ment<br />
Programme in 1998, it was c<strong>on</strong>cluded that both Caulerpa racemosa, <strong>on</strong>e <str<strong>on</strong>g>of</str<strong>on</strong>g> <str<strong>on</strong>g>the</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />
lessepsian species originated from tropical sea and Caulerpa taxifolia, originated during<br />
ACTES DU DEUXIEME SYMPOSIUM MEDITERRANEEN SUR LA VEGETATION MARINE (ATHENES, 12-13 DECEMBRE 2003)<br />
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