Proceedings of the Second Mediterranean Symposium on Marine

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features <strong>of</strong> P. oceanica made it possible to definitely rule out <strong>the</strong> possibility that <strong>the</strong> differences between most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>se maps may have been due to actual changes in <strong>the</strong> seagrass meadow expanse. For example, <strong>the</strong> horizontal growth <strong>of</strong> a plagiotropic (= creeping) rhizome never exceeds 10 cm/a, and averages over long periods 4 cm/a (Boudouresque et al., 1984; Meinesz and Lefèvre, 1984). Therefore a progression <strong>of</strong> more than 1 km in an <strong>of</strong>fshore direction (between Marion's 1883 and Pruvot's 1897 map), <strong>the</strong>n <strong>of</strong> nearly 1 km in <strong>the</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> shore (between <strong>the</strong> Pruvot and Picard 1958 maps) is hardly credible (Fig. 1). Even <strong>the</strong> 1979 Cristiani map is dubious in some places (e.g. in <strong>the</strong> north-east part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> cove). In order to assess <strong>the</strong> value <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> ancient maps, attempts have been made to estimate <strong>the</strong> reliability <strong>of</strong> maps (Iehlé et al., 1995; Pasqualini, 1997; Pergent-Martini, 2000; Leriche-Guichard, 2001; Bon-homme et al., 2003). Leriche et al. (2004) have proposed a Reliability Index (RI), rated 1 to 50, which weights three parameters, within 3 depth ranges (0-5, 5-15 and >15 m): (i) <strong>the</strong> initial scale <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> map (source map) and <strong>the</strong> working scale (target scale); (ii) <strong>the</strong> method(s) <strong>of</strong> data acquisition (e.g. dredging, grabs, aerial photographs, side scan sonar, scuba diving); and (iii) <strong>the</strong> method <strong>of</strong> geographical positioning <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> data. Leriche et al., (2004) stated that <strong>the</strong> RI value <strong>of</strong>
PROCEEDINGS OF THE SECOND MEDITERRANEAN SYMPOSIUM ON MARINE VEGETATION (ATHENS, 12-13 DECEMBER 2003) 28 Despite <strong>the</strong> fact that hundreds <strong>of</strong> maps <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Mediterranean</strong> benthic vegetation are available, it is doubtful whe<strong>the</strong>r many <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m fulfil any <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> possible purposes <strong>of</strong> cartography: acquisition <strong>of</strong> scientific knowledge, coastal management taking into consideration nature conservation, long term dynamics and short term monitoring. Major criticisms are that <strong>the</strong>y lack accuracy and that <strong>the</strong>y are only qualitative (i.e. presence or absence <strong>of</strong> a species, a community, a landscape or a type <strong>of</strong> bottom). Never<strong>the</strong>less, provided that <strong>the</strong> methods and degree <strong>of</strong> accuracy suit <strong>the</strong> use to which <strong>the</strong> maps are to be put (a rare feature: many maps were established without anticipating any specific use), cartography can be a valuable tool. Clearly, marine ecology, coastal management, nature conservation and environmental monitoring do require maps. In addition, with <strong>the</strong> exception <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> seagrass Posidonia oceanica (Magnoliophyta, Viridobionta, Plantae), maps <strong>of</strong> communities dominated by o<strong>the</strong>r macrophytes, e.g. Cystoseira spp., Sargassum spp., Laminaria ochroleuca, Stypopodium shimperi (Chromobionta, Stramenopiles), Halopitys incurvus, Digenea simplex, Corallina elongata, Peyssonnelia spp., encrusting corallines (Rhodobionta, Plantae) and Caulerpa prolifera (Chlorobionta, Viridobionta, Plantae) are too scrarce. REFERENCES Augier H. (1995) - Etude et cartographie des peuplements benthiques de l'île de Porquerolles (Méditerranée, France). III.- Transect permanent et cartographie biocénotique des Gorges du Loup, île de Porquerolles (Var, S.E., France). Sci. Rep. Port-Cros nation. Park, 16: 115-122. Augier H., Boudouresque C.F. (1967) - Végétation marine de Port-Cros (Parc national). I. La baie de La Palu. Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Marseille, 27: 93-124 + pl. Augier H., Boudouresque C.F. (1970) - Végétation marine de Port-Cros (Parc national). V. La baie de Port- Man et le problème de la régression de l'herbier de posidonies. Bull. Mus. Hist. nat. Marseille, 30: 145- 164 + pl. Augier H., Boudouresque C.F. (1976) - Végétation marine de Port-Cros (Parc national). XIII. Documents pour la carte des peuplements benthiques. Trav. sci. Parc nation. Port-Cros, 2: 9-22 + pl. Augier H., Niéri M. (1988) - Cartographie, balisage et dynamique du récif-barrière à Posidonia oceanica de la baie de Port-Cros (Parc national). Sci. Rep. Port-Cros nation. Park, 14: 29-40 + pl. Augier H., Niéri M., Gilli A., Martinet P., Stéphan G., Ventron G. (1984) - Balisage et cartographie de l'herbier de posidonies au large des plages artificielles de la baie de La Ciotat (BDR, France). In: International Workshop on Posidonia oceanica beds, Boudouresque C.F., Jeudy de Grissac A., Olivier J. (eds.), GIS Posidonie publ., Marseille, 1: 79-85. Bellan-Santini D. (1964) - Influence de la pollution sur quelques peuplements superficiels de substrat rocheux. In: Symp. Pollut. Mar. Microorgan. Prod. pétrol. CIESM publ., Monaco: 127-131. Bellone E., Meinesz A. (1995) - Cartographie sous-marine du Parc national de Port-Cros (Var, France). I – Elément de cartographie de l'herbier de Posidonia oceanica de la baie de Port-Man. Sci. Rep. Port- Cros nation. Park, 16: 123-128.
Page 1 and 2: United Nations Environment Programm
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SESSION ‘MAPPING MARINE VEGETATIO
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CARACTERISATION DE L’ETAT DES HER
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RESULTATS A- PHENOLOGIE Les princip
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Les futures recherches scientifique
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Williamson and Fitter, 1996; Piazzi
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Fig. 2: Spatial patterns of
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vulnerable to invaders. In reality
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BIOMONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL METL
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Table 1: Mercury concentration (in
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fraction of <stron
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EFFETS DE L’INCORPORATION DE L’
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Les aliments ont été distribués
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REFERENCES Association of</
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Jonge et al., 2002). Nutrient conce
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to total dissolved inorganic nitrog
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offs (group B; Fig
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PHYTOBENTHOS AS QUALITY ELEMENT FOR
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Padina pavonica and Halopteris scop
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Gelidiella ramellosa II - - - - 5.7
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CARACTERISATION DES HERBIERS A POSI
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une analyse lépidochronologique (P
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La limite de l’herbier à Posidon
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LITTORAL BENTHIC COMMUNITIES AS IND
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Several environmental factors were
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This category includes stations sit
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RAPID ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL
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For a thorough presentation <strong
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The Ecological Evaluation o
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APPLICATION OF ECOLOGICAL INDICES O
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The average taxonomic distinctness
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On Fig. 4 each of
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OVERVIEW OF THE ACTIVITIES AIMED AT
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at the same time f
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POSTERS ACTES DU DEUXIEME SYMPOSIUM
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Mr Baris AKÇALI D.E.U. Institute <
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Mr Francesco Saverio CIVILI MED POL
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Mr Jamel KSOURI Laboratoire de Biod
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Mr Frédéric PLATINI Accord RAMOGE
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Ms Eleni TRYFON Natural Environment
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Proceedings of the Second Mediterranean Symposium on Marine

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