16.04.2013 Views

Violences sexuelles des casques bleus : Défis et réalisations pour ...

Violences sexuelles des casques bleus : Défis et réalisations pour ...

Violences sexuelles des casques bleus : Défis et réalisations pour ...

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.


<br />

P a g e 
|
137
<br />

En s'appuyant sur les jugements Akayesu, Aydin v. Turquie <strong>et</strong> Fernando<br />

and Raquel Mejia v. Peru <strong>et</strong> sur <strong>des</strong> déclarations de Rapporteurs spéciaux <strong>des</strong><br />

Nations Unies, le Tribunal en conclue que le viol est un acte de torture puisqu'il<br />

cause <strong>des</strong> souffrances physiques, psychologiques <strong>et</strong> sociales sévères: « Rape causes<br />

severe pain and suffering, both physical and psychological. The psychological<br />

suffering of persons upon whom rape is inflicted may be exacerbated by social<br />

and cultural conditions and can be particularly acute and long lasting 391 . » Le<br />

Tribunal précise que le viol peut être reconnu comme une torture dès lors qu'il<br />

remplit les éléments suivants:<br />

(i) There must be an act or omission that causes severe pain or<br />

suffering, wh<strong>et</strong>her mental or physical,<br />

(ii) which is inflicted intentionally,<br />

(iii) and for such purposes as obtaining information or a confession<br />

from the victim, or a third person, punishing the victim for an act he or<br />

she or a third person has committed or is suspected of having<br />

committed, intimidating or coercing the victim or a third person, or for<br />

any reason based on discrimination of any kind,<br />

(iv) and such act or omission being committed by, or at the instigation<br />

of, or with the consent or acquiescence of, an official or other person<br />

acting in an official capacity 392 .<br />

Le Tribunal Pénal International <strong>pour</strong> le Rwanda a également apporté sa<br />

contribution. Un <strong>des</strong> arrêts importants dans ce domaine a été Akayesu. Dans c<strong>et</strong><br />

arrêt le viol a été reconnu comme un élément constitutif du crime de génocide 393 .<br />

Dans c<strong>et</strong> arrêt, le Tribunal définit le viol: « The Chamber defines rape as a physical<br />

invasion of a sexual nature, commmitted on a person under circumstances which<br />

are coercive. Sexual violence which inclu<strong>des</strong> rape, is considered to be any act of a<br />

sexual nature which is committed on a person under circumstances which are<br />























































<br />

391 Ibid, paragraphe 495.<br />

392 Ibid, paragraphe 494.<br />

393 The prosecutor versus Jean-Paul Akayesu, (1998), Affaire no ICTR-96-4-T, Tribunal péinal<br />

international <strong>pour</strong> le Rwanda, en ligne:<br />

http://69.94.11.53/ENGLISH/cases/Akayesu/judgement/akay001.htm, paragraphe 731.

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!