Violences sexuelles des casques bleus : Défis et réalisations pour ...

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without the consent of the victim 387 ». Finalement, Foca a rappelé que certaines
défenses ne pouvaient pas être invoquées lors des viols:
(i) no corroboration of the victim’s testimony shall be required;
(ii) consent shall not be allowed as a defence if the victim
(a) has been subjected to or threatened with or has reason to fear
violence, duress , detention or psychological oppression, or
(b) reasonably believed that if the victim did not submit, another
might be so subjected , threatened or put in fear;
(iii) before evidence of the victim’s consent is admitted, the accused
shall satisfy the Trial Chamber in camera that the evidence is relevant and
credible;
(iv) prior sexual conduct of the victim shall not be admitted into
evidence 388 .
Un autre jugement du Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie a
apporté une contribution à cet enjeu. Le jugement Celebici 389 est celui qui a permis
d'établir que le viol était bel et bien un acte de torture. Tout d'abord, le Tribunal
réitère le fait que les violences sexuelles sont interdites dans le droit international
humanitaire:
There can be no doubt that rape and other forms of sexual assault
are expressly prohibited under international humanitarian law. The
terms of article 27 of the Fourth Geneva Convention specifically
prohibit rape, any form of indecent assault and the enforced
prostitution of women. A prohibition on rape, enforced prostitution
and any form of indecent assault is further found in article 4(2) of
Additional Protocol II, concerning internal armed conflicts. This
Protocol also implicitly prohibits rape and sexual assault in article 4(1)
which states that all persons are entitled to respect for their person and
honour. Moreover, article 76(1) of Additional Protocol I expressly
requires that women be protected from rape, forced prostitution and
any other form of indecent assault. An implicit prohibition on rape and
sexual assault can also be found in article 46 of the 1907 Hague
Convention (IV) that provides for the protection of family honour and
rights 390 .
387 Ibid, paragraphe 460.
388 Ibid, paragraphe 462.
389 Celebici est un village de la Bosnie où était situé le Camp Celebici peuplé de réfugiés serbesbosniaques
musulmans.
390 Prosecuter v. Zejnil Delalic Zdravko Mucic also know as Pavo Hazim Delic, Esad Landzo also known as
Zenga, (2001), Affaire no IT-96-21-A, Tribunal pénal international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie, en ligne:
http://www.un.org/icty/celebici/trialc2/judgement/index.htm, paragraphe 476.