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messages. The caller apparentlyy wanted to share some information about

Seagal. Much later Busch learned that the caller had been hired byy Anthonyy

Pellicano, a former high-profile Los Angeles private investigator who at the

time Busch’s car was tampered with was alreadyy suspected byy the FBI of

illegal wiretapping, briberyy, identityy theft, and obstruction of justice.

Busch’s copper-wire phone had been tapped byy Pellicano, who knew byy

eavesdropping on her calls that she was writing a newspaper storyy about his

clients. The fish head on her car was an attempt to warn her off.

Tyypicallyy wiretapping is onlyy associated with phone calls, but

wiretapping laws in the United States can also cover eavesdropping on e-

mail and instant messages. For the moment I’ll focus on wiretapping’s

traditional use, in copper-wire landlines.

Landlines are the hardwired phones in yyour home or business, and

wiretapping involves literallyy tapping into the live wire. Back in the dayy,

phone companies each had phyysical banks of switches on which theyy

performed a version of wiretapping. What that means is that the phone

companyy had special appliances that the frame techs hooked up to the target

phone number on the mainframe in the central office. There is additional

wiretapping equipment that dials into this appliance and is used to monitor

the target. Todayy, that wayy of eavesdropping is retired: phone companies are

all required to implement the technical requirements mandated byy CALEA.

Although a growing number of people todayy have shifted to mobile

phones, manyy still retain their landlines for their copper-wire dependabilityy.

Others use what’s called Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technologyy,

which is telephonyy over the Internet and usuallyy bundled in the home or

office with yyour cable or Internet service. Whether it’s a phyysical switch at

the phone companyy or a digital switch, law enforcement does have the

abilityy to eavesdrop on calls.

The 1994 CALEA requires telecommunications manufacturers and

carriers to modifyy their equipment for the purposes of allowing law

enforcement to wiretap the line. So under CALEA, anyy landline call in the

United States is theoreticallyy subject to interception. And under CALEA, all

law enforcement access requires a Title III warrant. That said, it’s still

illegal for an ordinaryy citizen to conduct a wiretap, which is what Anthonyy

Pellicano did to covertlyy monitor Anita Busch and others. His list of

eavesdropping victims happens to include Hollyywood celebrities such as

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