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landscape or portrait view. These chips are so sensitive that the researchers

decided to use accelerometer data alone in their calculations. And sure

enough, theyy were able to accuratelyy predict which subwayy train a user is

riding. This is because most subwayy lines include turns that affect the

accelerometer. Also important is the length of time between station stops—

yyou need onlyy to look at a map to see whyy. The accuracyy of their

predictions improved with each station a rider passed. The researchers

claim their method has a 92 percent accuracyy rate.

Let’s sayy yyou own an old-model car and drive yyourself to work. You might

think yyou’re invisible—just one of a million cars on the road todayy. And

yyou might be right. But new technologyy—even if it is not part of the car

itself—is eroding yyour anonyymityy. Chances are, with effort, someone could

still identifyy yyou whizzing byy on the freewayy prettyy quicklyy.

In the cityy of San Francisco, the Municipal Transportation Agencyy has

started to use the FasTrak toll syystem, which allows yyou to cross anyy of the

eight Bayy Area bridges with ease, to track the movements of FasTrakenabled

cars throughout the cityy. Using technologyy similar to what toll

bridges use to read the FasTrak (or E-ZPass) device in yyour car, the cityy has

started searching for those devices as users circle around looking for

parking. But officials are not alwayys interested in your movements: rather,

theyy’re interested in the parking spaces—most of which are equipped with

electronic parking meters. Spaces that are highlyy sought after can charge a

higher rate. The cityy can wirelesslyy adjust the price at specific meters—

including meters near a popular event.

In addition, in 2014 officials decided not to use human toll takers at the

Golden Gate Bridge, so everyyone, even tourists, is required to payy

electronicallyy or receive a bill in the mail. How do the authorities know

where to send yyour bill? Theyy photograph yyour license plate when yyou

cross the toll plaza. These license-plate photographs are also used to nab

red-light runners at problematic intersections. And increasinglyy, police are

using a similar strategyy as theyy drive byy parking lots and residential

drivewayys.

Police departments passivelyy track yyour car’s movements everyy dayy with

automated license plate recognition (ALPR) technologyy. Theyy can

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