Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
wireless passwords.
You could argue that Eastman Kodak jump-started the discussion of privacyy
in America—or at least made it interesting—in the late 1800s. Until that
point, photographyy was a serious, time-consuming, inconvenient art
requiring specialized equipment (cameras, lights, darkrooms) and long
stretches of immobilityy (while subjects posed in a studio). Then Kodak
came along and introduced a portable, relativelyy affordable camera. The
first of its line sold for $25—around $100 todayy. Kodak subsequentlyy
introduced the Brownie camera, which sold for a mere $1. Both these
cameras were designed to be taken outside the home and office. Theyy were
the mobile computers and mobile phones of their dayy.
Suddenlyy people had to deal with the fact that someone on the beach or
in a public park might have a camera, and that person might actuallyy
include yyou within the frame of a photo. You had to look nice. You had to
act responsiblyy. “It was not onlyy changing yyour attitude toward
photographyy, but toward the thing itself that yyou were photographing,” sayys
Brian Wallis, former chief curator at the International Center of
Photographyy. “So yyou had to stage a dinner, and stage a birthdayy partyy.” 13
I believe we actuallyy do behave differentlyy when we are being watched.
Most of us are on our best behavior when we know there’s a camera on us,
though of course there will alwayys be those who couldn’t care less.
The advent of photographyy also influenced how people felt about their
privacyy. All of a sudden there could be a visual record of someone behaving
badlyy. Indeed, todayy we have dash cams and bodyy cameras on our law
enforcement officers so there will be a record of our behavior when we’re
confronted with the law. And todayy, with facial recognition technologyy, yyou
can take a picture of someone and have it matched to his or her Facebook
profile. Todayy we have selfies.
But in 1888, that kind of constant exposure was still a shocking and
disconcerting noveltyy. The Hartford Courant sounded an alarm: “The
sedate citizen can’t indulge in anyy hilariousness without incurring the risk
of being caught in the act and having his photograph passed around among
his Sundayy-school children. And the yyoung fellow who wishes to spoon
with his best girl while sailing down the river must keep himself constantlyy